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Chiasmodon niger, Black swallower
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Chiasmodon niger
Picture by
Román Marcote, E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes
(Mackerels) >
Chiasmodontidae
(Snaketooth fishes)
Etymology:
Chiasmodon:
Name from the Greek 'chiasmos' which means diagonally arranged, and 'odous' for tooth or teeth.
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-oceanic; depth range 700 - 2745 m (Ref.
58426
), usually 750 - ? m (Ref.
6649
). Deep-water; 46°N - 5°S, 95°W - 5°E (Ref.
82429
)
North Atlantic: tropical and temperate; including Gulf of Mexico, from 95°W to 5°E, 46°N to 5°S (Ref.
82429
). Southwestern Atlantic: Argentina (Ref.
44852
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
6944
)
Vertebrae
: 43 - 44. This species is distinguished from its congeners by a set of characteristics: from
C. braueri
by the teeth on second ceratobranchial absent (vs. present) and supraorbital canal pores 7 (vs. 8); from
C. harteli
by total vertebrae 43-45 (vs. 47-48), supraorbital canal pores 7 (vs. six); from
C. microcephalus
by teeth on basibranchials well developed, 3-18, always present on second basibranchial and often on third basibranchial and second hypobranchial (vs. usually no teeth on basibranchials, rarely 1-3, small, restricted to second basibranchial); from
C. pluriradiatus
and
C. asper
, by pectoral-fin rays 13-14 (vs. 15-16), tiny dermal spinules on body of specimens larger than 45.0 mm absent (vs. with spinules), fang in premaxillary head 1 (vs. 2), and supraorbital pores 7 (vs. 8 and 9, respectively) and from
C. pluriradiatus
by lateral-line pores 86-93 (vs. 91-94); from
C. subniger
, by teeth on second basibranchial present (vs. none), infraorbital pores 14 (vs. 12-13, modally 13), snout elongate and pointed, 22.2-26.6% HL (vs. snout short and blunt, 21.4-23.9% HL), upper jaw 72.2-80.0% HL (vs. 63.9-72.7% HL), and lower jaw 80.0-86.7% HL (vs. 69.0-76.7% HL) (Ref.
82429
).
Mesopelagic to bathypelagic species (Ref.
6944
,
28429
). Specimens larger than 4.5 cm are more frequently collected between 730 and 1900 m with shallowest record being 150 m, the deepest 3900 m (mean 1390 m). Juveniles are found in shallower water, from 0 to 1,050 m (mean 542 m), with the smallest specimens (>10.0 mm) collected nearest to the surface (Ref.
82429
). Feed on whole fish, often of individuals longer than themselves (Ref.
9686
). Most specimens were taken at depths greater than 750 m (Ref.
6649
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Melo, M.R.S.
, 2009. Revision of the genus
Chiasmodon
(Acanthomorpha: Chiasmodontidae), with description of two new species. Copeia 2009(3):583-608. (Ref.
82429
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
15 July 2014
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 4.2 - 8.7, mean 4.9 °C (based on 355 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 16.1 [5.5, 59.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.607 [0.217, 1.659] mg/100g; Protein = 2.57 [0.00, 6.41] %; Omega3 = 0.382 [0.156, 0.978] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.3, 51.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.3 [3.4, 71.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.383 [0.190, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight);
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