www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0 Mobula munkiana |
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Overview |
Main identification features
- head narrow
- tail medium, no spine, base compressed
- mouth ventral
- belly: white, wings - tips dark
- dwarf - 1.1 m
Munk's mobula, Munk's devil ray, Pigmy devil ray
Disc strongly rhomboidal, much wider than long; wings strongly pointed; head wide, projecting from disc; pectoral fins extend along head and form two large soft horns; eyes and spiracles on side of head; front margin of the pectoral fin ends above and before spiracle; mouth ventral; small teeth on both jaws; length of tooth bands 54-65% of mouth width; teeth wider than long, smooth tips, ~triangular filter plates in gills separate at tips; tail long, slender with small dorsal fin at base, a little shorter than disc width, with compressed base and without spine.
Upper surface black, purple or purplish grey; lower surface white, with outer half of pectorals blue-grey.
Size: 220 cm wide.
Habitat: schooling, pelagic in coastal and oceanic waters.
Depth: to 30 m.
Gulf of California to Peru; the Galapagos, Cocos and Malpelo.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 30 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs; zooplankton; Pelagic crustacea; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=36; Longitudinal range=37.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 220 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Acero , A. and Franke, R., 1995., Nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacifico Colombiano), II. Rayas y Descripcion de una Nueva Especie., Bibl. J. J. Triana, 11:9-21.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Notarbartolo di Sciara,., 1987., A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91.
- Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 500 Can't locate object method "new" via package "LWP::Protocol::https::Socket" https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana |
Updated: 2024-05-23 03:00:01 gmt
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