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Leuresthes sardina (Jenkins and Evermann, 1889)
GULF GRUNION
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Atherinopsidae   Leuresthes

Leuresthes sardina
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12
Leuresthes sardina

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Overview
Main identification features
  • top jaw wide, very extendible
  • 1st dorsal fin behind anus, before a
  • 2nd dorsal fin - front scaly
  • pectoral short
  • lateral scales 51-60
Elongate, slender; head and body compressed; top of head flattened, profile ~straight; eye small (<1/2 head length); snout blunt, a little longer than eye, with two transverse grooves across it; top jaw very wide and strongly extendible; jaw teeth absent to small, if present wide set; 1st dorsal low, with IV spines, origin behind anus, fin entirely in front of anal fin; 2nd dorsal I, 9; anal 25; pectoral fins short (~2/3 head length); 2nd dorsal with scales between front rays; scales large, smooth, 51-60 along midside.

Color: Pale, with a broad (2 scales wide) stripe along flank is grey above, silvery below; top of head very pale between eyes, dark before and behind them.

Reaches 25cm.

Habitat – coastal areas and lagoons.

Depth range 0-5m.

Endemic to the northern Gulf of California.


Attributes
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 5 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: zooplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=24; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=5.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: East Pacific endemic; TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 25 cm.
Regional Endemism: Northern Gulf of California endemic; Continent only; Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Brackish.
Water Column Position: Surface; Near Surface; Water column only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Jenkins , O.P. and Evermann, B.W., 1889., Description of eighteen new species of fishes from the Gulf of California., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 11:137-158.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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