© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Diplectrum maximum Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish Fish species NCSM SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 1 thumbnail  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features grey-brown;operculum: dark blotch preopercular spur: narrow, pointed Body elongate, moderately compressed; angle of preopercle a narrow, round-pointed bony spur with 4-8 large spines, width of spur < height of rest of rear border of preopercle; snout and between eyes scaleless; lateral line complete; scales moderately small, rough; lower jaw strongly projecting, tip joins forehead profile; width of top jawbone < width between eyes; 17-21 rakers on first gill arch; dorsal X,12; anal III,7 rays, 2nd spine about same length as 3rd; tail concave; 48-50 lateral line scales, 10-13 vertical rows scales on cheek. Upper 2/3 of head and body dark greybrown, shading to white belly, throat, chest and under mouth; a large dark blue-grey blotch on upper operculum; dorsal with bluegrey basal band, middle red-brown band, outer bluegrey band, margin red brown; tail dark greybrown, anal pale grey, pelvic dark grey; pectoral translucent yellowish brown. Size: 37 cm. Habitat: sand and mud bottoms. Depth: 1-130 m. Southern California to the mouth of the Gulf of California to Ecuador. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ); North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California). Depth Range Max: 130 m. Depth Range Min: 1 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=42; Longitudinal range=40. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 37 cm. Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Bortone,., 1977., Revision of the sea basses of the genus Diplectrum (Pisces : Serranidae)., NOAA Tech. Rept., \. Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813. Franke , R. and Acero P., A., 1995., Peces Serranidos del Parque Gorgona, Pacífico Colombiano (Osteichthyes: Serranidae)., Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 19:593-600. Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398. Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530. Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Lea, R.N. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 2000., Observations on fishes associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño off California., CalCOFL Rep., 41:117-129. Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp. Rosenblatt , R.H. and Johnson, G.D., 1974., Two new species of sea basses of the genus Diplectrum, with a key to the Pacific species., Calif. Fish & Game, 60(4):178-191. Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Diplectrum&speciesname=maximum ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Diplectrum&speciesname=maximum http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Diplectrum&speciesname=maximum ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Diplectrum&speciesname=maximum https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Diplectrum&speciesname=maximum ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Diplectrum-maximum.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Diplectrum Species in    Serranidae - Classification - Serranidae Perciformes/Serranoidei Teleostei Chordata Animalia Diplectrum maximum Hildebrand , 1946 Torpedo sand perch Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Diplectrum maximum Picture by Robertson, R. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) Etymology: Diplectrum: Greek, di = two + Greek, plektron = sting, spur (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Hildebrand . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; benthopelagic. Tropical; 24°N - 4°N Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Pacific: southern Baja California, Mexico and Colombia. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 37.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9342 ) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Biology and utilization not known (Ref. 9342 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Collaborators Heemstra, P.C. , 1995. Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 01 May 2008 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5002   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00632 - 0.01736), b=3.12 (2.98 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.8   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : localhost Page last modified by : mrius-barile - 20 July 2016 Fatal error : Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function checkEcotox(), 1 passed in /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php on line 2304 and exactly 3 expected in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php:2579 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php(2304): checkEcotox() #1 {main} thrown in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php on line 2579 Updated: 2024-06-04 11:49:14 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation