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Stolothrissa tanganicae, Lake Tanganyika sprat : fisheries
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Stolothrissa tanganicae
Picture by
Moeremans, L.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes
(Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae
(Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology:
Stolothrissa:
Greek, stole = suit + Greek, thrissa, -es = shad (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Regan
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; pelagic; depth range 8 - 95 m (Ref.
36901
). Tropical; 1°S - 10°S
Africa: Lake Tanganyika (Ref.
188
,
3509
,
28136
), including Lukuga River from Kisimba-Kilia Falls (Ref.
93587
) and Moba River (Ref.
45485
). Introduced in Lake Kivu between 1958 and 1960 (Ref.
121351
); although the introduction was apparently successful, the fish failed to reproduce (Ref.
28136
,
36904
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
6.5
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
4967
); common length : 7.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
188
); max. published weight: 7.00 g (Ref.
36901
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 15-16;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 16 - 17;
Vertebrae
: 44. Diagnosis: Body slender, its depth about 17-22% of standard length; 13-14 pre-pelvic and 8-9 post-pelvic scutes, with pre-pelvic scutes not strongly keeled, beginning behind base of last pectoral finray, but post-pelvic scutes with sharp spines; maxilla blade about 2.25 times as long as its shaft, but not continued forward to hind tip of pre-maxilla; posterior supra-maxilla diamond-shaped or more or less rhomboidal, approximately symmetrical; lower gillrakers long and slender, 36-42; a distinct silver stripe along flanks, broadest over tips of pelvic fins (Ref.
188
,
93833
). It resembles
Limnothrissa miodon
of Lake Tanganyika, which is slightly deeper-bodied, has a larger eye, about equal to head length behind eye, and a maxilla blade continued forward to hind tip of pre-maxilla (Ref.
188
).
A pelagic, lacustrine species, forming very large schools (Ref.
188
,
36901
,
121343
). The juveniles tend to stay closer to the shore than those of 5 cm standard length or more (Ref.
188
). They appear to spend daylight hours at a depth of 70-95 m, rising up to 8-15 m at night, especially on dark nights (Ref.
188
,
36901
). These migrations reflect also the plankton migration (Ref.
36901
). It feeds on plankton (Ref.
36901
,
93960
,
121343
,
121352
), like prawns, shrimps, also copepods, chironomids, diatoms and algae (Ref.
188
). It breeds at about 6 cm standard length, with ripe individuals present almost throughout the year, but major spawning in May-June and again in December-January, the adults moving inshore to breed; the eggs sink slowly (Ref.
188
). It is caught with seine nets, often using lights (Ref.
188
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Whitehead, P.J.P.
, 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
188
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
31 January 2006
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00193 - 0.01305), b=3.13 (2.91 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.7 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.62-2.66).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Low
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 460 [201, 1,089] mg/100g; Iron = 4.12 [1.95, 7.87] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.0, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.545 [0.171, 1.686] g/100g; Selenium = 95.3 [32.0, 339.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.2 [11.2, 110.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.27 [2.01, 5.47] mg/100g (wet weight);
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