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Overview |
Main identification features
- top jaw reaches onto preoperculum
- lower jaw tip under nostril
- anal fin origin under en dorsal fin dorsal fin
Slender, elongate, rounded; snout long and sharply pointed; top jaw medium length, reaching onto preopercle, tip sharply pointed; tip of bottom jaw reaching under nostril; no large canine teeth; membrane between gill covers not expanded at rear; third gill arch without rakers; 37-45 rakers on lower limb of first gill arch; dorsal fin origin in mid-body; anal fin base short, 19-23 rays, origin under or behind last dorsal ray; pectoral short, not reaching pelvics.
Silver stripe along flank in young fish only.
Size: 25 cm.
Habitat: marine, coastal pelagic, usually within 30km of shore.
Depth: 0-310 m.
Temperate; British Colombia to the tip of Baja, most of the western and the central eastern Gulf of California.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 310 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: zooplankton; phytoplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=51; Southern limit=24; Western limit=-128; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=27; Longitudinal range=18.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 25 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; California province, primarily; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Girard, C., 1854., Descriptions of new fishes, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, naturalist attached to the survey of the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7:129-140.
- Grant , W. S. and Bowen, B. W., 1998., Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: Insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation., Journal of Heredity, 89:415-426.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
- Whitehead , P.J.P. , Nelson , G.J. and Wongratana, T., 1985., Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125(2):305-579.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Engraulis&speciesname=mordax ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Engraulis&speciesname=mordax
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Engraulis&speciesname=mordax ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Engraulis&speciesname=mordax
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Engraulis&speciesname=mordax ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Engraulis-mordax.html
Engraulis mordax, Californian anchovy : fisheries, bait
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes
(Herrings) >
Engraulidae
(Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology:
Engraulis:
Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref.
45335
)
;
mordax:
Genus name from the Greek 'engraulis' meaning anchovy; species name from the Latin 'mordax' meaning biting (Ref.
27436
)
.
More on author:
Girard
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 0 - 310 m (Ref.
96339
), usually ? - 219 m (Ref.
54433
). Subtropical; 51°N - 21°N, 131°W - 108°W (Ref.
54433
)
Northeast Pacific: northern Vancouver Island south to Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Two subspecies recognized:
Engraulis mordax mordax
from British Columbia to Baja California and
Engraulis mordax nanus
in Bays of California.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
9.6
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
27436
); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9988
); max. published weight: 68.00 g (Ref.
56527
); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref.
6884
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 14-19;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 19 - 26;
Vertebrae
: 43 - 47. Snout quite sharply pointed; maxilla moderate, tip sharply pointed, reaching to or almost to hind border of pre-operculum, projecting well beyond tip of second supra-maxilla; tip of lower jaw below nostril. gill rakers slender, long; absent on hind face of third epibranchial. Anal fin origin under about base of last dorsal fin ray. A silver stripe along flank, disappearing with age.
Usually found in coastal waters within about 30 km from shore, but as far out as 480 km, forming large, tightly packed schools. Enters bays and inlets. Feeds on euphausiids, copepods and decapod larvae, both by random filter-feeding and by 'pecking' at prey. Oviparous, epipelagic batch spawner (Ref.
6882
). Spawns throughout the year, peaking once (Ref.
6882
). Processed into fishmeal, used as bait for tuna, occasionally canned (Ref.
9298
).
Spawns from British Colombia south to Magdalena Bay, Baja California, but most abundantly between Point Conception and Point San Juanico. There are two major spawning areas: 1) off southern California and northern Baja California and 2) off central and southern Baja California. Oviparous (Ref.
35602
). Spawns either in inlets or offshore, throughout the year but mainly in winter and early spring, depending on hydrological conditions (preferably at 10 to 23.3° C in upper water layers and around 22.00 hours). Spawning occurs at night between 2000 and 0400 hour (Ref.
6882
).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana
, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
189
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
08 May 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 7.6 - 14.9, mean 9 °C (based on 55 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00348 - 0.00867), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.1 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.3 (1.6 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (rm=0.36; K=0.2-0.6; tm=1-4; tmax=7; Fec=4000).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Low
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 159 [69, 355] mg/100g; Iron = 1.23 [0.60, 2.84] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.841 [0.514, 1.405] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [9.8, 42.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.9 [3.2, 56.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.65, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
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- 20 July 2016
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Updated: 2024-05-24 10:14:12 gmt
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