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Overview |
Main identification features
- broad flat round head
- 2 large ds
- brown
- under snout: 2 large barbels
A large brownish shark with two dorsal fins of similar size; eyes small, oval; a pair of barbels below snout; grooves present between nostrils and mouth; mouth below, with multi-pointed teeth; 5 gill slits, 2 over pectoral; tail fin moderately long, about one-third of total length.
Yellow brown to grey brown, with or without small dark spots and obscure saddle markings on back.
Maximum total length reported as 430 cm, but usually under 300 cm.
Occurs in a variety of shallow inshore habitats.
From the intertidal zone to at least 130 m depth.
From southern Baja and the Gulf of California to Peru, Malpelo; also on both sides of the Atlantic ocean.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 130 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=-18; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=50; Longitudinal range=45.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Sand & gravel; Reef (rock &/or coral); Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Reef and soft bottom.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 430 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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References |
- Acero, A. and Franke, R., 2001., Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única., INVEMAR, Serie Publicaciones Especiales No. 7:123-131.
- Bonnaterre, J. P., 1788., Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie. Paris., Tabl. Encyclop. Méthod. Ichthyol., :1-215.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1984., Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Species Catalogue., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 4(1):1-249.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1882., List of Fishes now in the Museum of Yale College, Collected by Prof. Frank H. Bradley, at Panama, with Descriptions of Three New Species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5:620-632.
- Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Vega, A.J., Villareal, N., 2003., Peces asociados a arrecifes y manglares en el Parque Nacional Coiba., Tecnociencia, 5:65-76.
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I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ginglymostoma&speciesname=cirratum ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ginglymostoma&speciesname=cirratum
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ginglymostoma&speciesname=cirratum ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ginglymostoma&speciesname=cirratum
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ginglymostoma&speciesname=cirratum ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Ginglymostoma-cirratum.html
Ginglymostoma cirratum, Nurse shark : fisheries, aquarium
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Ginglymostoma cirratum
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Freitas, R.
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Orectolobiformes
(Carpet sharks) >
Ginglymostomatidae
(Nurse sharks)
Etymology:
Ginglymostoma:
ginglymus
(Gr.), hinge;
stoma
(Gr.), mouth, presumably referring to how corner of mouth has a hinged appearance. (
See ETYFish
)
;
cirratum:
Latin for having tendrils, referring to elongated nasal barbels. (
See ETYFish
)
.
More on author:
Bonnaterre
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 130 m (Ref.
43278
), usually 1 - 35 m (Ref.
40849
). Subtropical; 44°N - 35°S, 122°W - 10°E (Ref.
247
)
East Atlantic Ocean: from Cape Verde to Gabon, accidental in France (Ref.
127434
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
235.0
, range 230 - 240 cm
Max length : 430 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
96339
); common length : 304 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
247
); max. published weight: 109.6 kg (Ref.
40637
); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref.
72467
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0. Moderately long barbels, nasoral grooves present but no perinasal grooves, mouth well in front of eyes, spiracles minute, precaudal tail shorter than head and body, dorsal fins broadly rounded (the first much larger than the second and anal fins), caudal fin moderately long, over 1/4 of total length, yellow-brown to grey-brown in color, with or without small dark spots and obscure dorsal saddle markings (Ref.
247
). Head blunt, mouth inferior, pair of conspicuous barbels between nostrils (Ref.
26938
).
Found on continental and insular shelves. Solitary (Ref.
26340
) and sluggish fish, often encountered lying on the bottom (Ref.
9987
). Nocturnal, feeding on bottom invertebrates such as spiny lobsters, shrimps, crabs, sea urchins, squids, octopi, snails and bivalves, and fishes like catfishes, mullets, puffers and stingrays. Ovoviviparous with 21 to 28 young in a litter (Ref.
9987
,
43278
). Kept in captivity for researches. May attack humans if they are molested or stepped upon accidentally. Edible, but mainly valued for its hide, which makes extremely tough and durable leather (Ref.
9987
). Common over shallow sand flats, in channels, and around coral reefs; young may be found among prop roots of red mangroves (Ref.
26938
).
Ovoviviparous, with 21 to 28 young in a litter. Development of young in the uterus being sustained by a large supply of yolk. Females give birth in late spring and summer in waters off Florida. During courtship, a pair sometimes a triplet of adults engaged in synchronized parallel swimming. While on it, the male may grab one of the female's pectoral fins with his mouth which induces the female to pivot 90° and roll on her back on the bottom. Then the male inserts a clasper in her vent, and then roll on his back beside the female. Pair may break apart and depart rapidly after copulation or the male may remain motionless on the subtrate as if recovering from the mating bout (Ref.
49562
). Not all attempts of males to copulate with a female nurse shark result in successful fertilization, females may employ avoidance by 'pivotting and rolling' to escape from male attention (Ref.
49562
). Or females may 'lie on back' and rest motionless and rigidly on the substrate (Ref.
51113
,
49562
). On the contrary, females send signals of readiness to copulate with males by arching their body toward their male partner and cupping the pelvic fin (Ref.
51126
,
49562
). Male nurse sharks may mate with many females over several weeks (polygyny) and vice versa (polyandry) (Ref.
49562
). Also Ref. 205.
Compagno, L.J.V.
, 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref.
247
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Vulnerable (VU)
(A2bcd); Date assessed:
05 July 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref.
4690
)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.5 °C (based on 798 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00157 - 0.01110), b=3.08 (2.85 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.14; tmax=25; Fec=21-28).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 4.11 [0.56, 16.51] mg/100g; Iron = 0.298 [0.069, 0.838] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [18.7, 23.0] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.05, 0.32] g/100g; Selenium = 23 [6, 71] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.8 [3.1, 40.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.394 [0.186, 0.863] mg/100g (wet weight);
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on line
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Updated: 2024-05-23 02:28:45 gmt
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