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Stromateus stellatus Cuvier, 1829
SPOTTED BUTTERFISH
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Stromateidae   Stromateus

Stromateus stellatus
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Stromateus stellatus

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Overview
Main identification features Body ovate, elongate (depth 40% of length), compressed; snout blunt, rounded, longer than eye; mouth small, not reaching to under eye; dorsal and anal fins with long bases, their front lobes only slightly raised; dorsal with VII-VIII weak spines, 40-43 rays, with rearmost rays longest; anal III + 38; pectoral longer than head; pelvic fins under thorax in juvenile, absent in adult; tail deeply forked.

Silvery grey-brown, paler below, upper half of body and tail base with numerous pupil-sized round dark spots; dorsal grey, with black margin (wider anteriorly); tail and pectoral dark grey, anal pale grey.

Size: to 30 cm.

Habitat: pelagic, coastal.

Depth: 0-100 m?.

Ecuador to central Chile.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 100 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: pelagic jellyfish/ctenophores; zooplankton; Pelagic crustacea; pelagic fish larvae.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=-2; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-82; Eastern limit=-79; Latitudinal range=7; Longitudinal range=3.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove).
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 30 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Peruvian province, primarily; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom; Bottom + water column;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Abbott, J.F., 1899., The marine fishes of Peru., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51:324-364.
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Cuvier, G., 1829., Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2., Règne Animal (ed. 2), 2:1-532.
  • Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
  • Horn, M.H., 1973., Systematic Comparison of the Stromateid Fishes Stromateus Brasiliensis Fowler and Stromateus stellatus Cuvier from Coastal South America with a Review of the Genus., Bulletin of British Museum of Natural History, Zoology., :319-339.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Stromateus stellatus, Starry butterfish
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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Stromateus stellatus Cuvier , 1829

Starry butterfish Upload your photos  and  videos
Pictures | Google image Image of Stromateus stellatus (Starry butterfish) Stromateus stellatus
Picture by Carvalho Filho, A.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Stromateidae (Butterfishes)
Etymology: Stromateus: Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335 ) .
More on author: Cuvier .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 72797 ). Subtropical; 12°S - 47°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Pacific: Peru and Chile.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.1 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27363 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 47-50; Anal spines : 0; Anal soft rays : 41 - 44; Vertebrae : 42 - 43. Body blue green dorsally and silvery white ventrally. Margin of fins darker. Small dark blue spots on dorsal side of body (Ref. 27363 ).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Chirichigno, N. , 1980. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. IMARPE Informe (44). Instituto del Mar del Peru, Callao, Peru. (Ref. 12 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 02 May 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





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FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00812 - 0.02953), b=2.95 (2.78 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.5   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Low vulnerability (21 of 100). Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 78.2 [37.9, 185.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.942 [0.441, 1.986] mg/100g; Protein = 15.6 [13.4, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.344 [0.184, 0.638] g/100g; Selenium = 38.9 [17.4, 89.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [2.6, 43.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.74 [0.46, 1.19] mg/100g (wet weight);

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