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Overview |
Main identification features
- elongate
- gill opening and fins dark
- tail: 63-70 percent total length
- barbels: 1 before, 1-2 after rear nostril
- pectoral long, pointed
Body elongate, slender; eye over middle of mouth; front nostril a short tube under overhanging snout; rear nostril a hole just above top lip, covered by a flap attached to lip; 1 barbel between front and rear nostrils, and usually 2 behind rear nostril; pectoral fin long, pointed, reaching past dorsal fin origin, with restricted base - opposite and above upper half of gill opening, long and narrow; gill opening a vertical slit low on side; teeth pointed, in 2 rows on jaws, and on front of roof of mouth; dorsal origin over middle of pectorals; lateral line arched over pectoral region; tail longer than head and trunk, 63-70% of total length, tip a hard finless point.
Brown or purplish brown above, paler to yellowish below; row of pores on lower jaw in dark spots, lateral line pores of body unmarked; lower jaw, throat, opercular region and all fins dark.
Size: 98 cm.
Habitat: in burrows in muddy, rocky and sandy bottoms.
Depth: 0-110 m.
Southern California to the Gulf of California to Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 110 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=40; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-125; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=49; Longitudinal range=47.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 98 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Brackish.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and Balart, E. F., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la ictiofauna de fondos blandos y someros de la Ensenada de La Paz y Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:139-150.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Hubbs, C.L., 1916., Notes on the Marine Fishes of California., Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 16:153-169.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1896., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1-1240.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1882., Description of thirty-three new species of fishes from Mazatlan, Mexico., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 4(1881):338-365.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1882., List of Fishes now in the Museum of Yale College, Collected by Prof. Frank H. Bradley, at Panama, with Descriptions of Three New Species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5:620-632.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., List of the fishes now in the museum of Yale College, collected by Prof. Frank H. Bradley at panama, with descriptions of three new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):620-632.
- Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
- Lea, R.N. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 2000., Observations on fishes associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño off California., CalCOFL Rep., 41:117-129.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- McCosker , J.E. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 1998., A revision of the Eastern pacific snake-Eel genus Ophichthus (anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) With the Description of Six New Species., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 50:397-432.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78.
- Phillips, P. C., 1981., Annotated Checklist of Fishes at Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 29:45-58.
- Pérez-Mellado, J., Findley, LL. F., 1985., Evaluación de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón capturado en las costas de Sonora y norte de Sinaloa, México. In Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.) Recursos pesqueros potenciales de México: La pesca acompañante del camarón., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Cap. 5:201-254.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=zophochir ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=zophochir
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=zophochir ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=zophochir
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=zophochir ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Ophichthus-zophochir.html
Ophichthus zophochir, Yellow snake eel
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Ophichthus zophochir
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Anguilliformes
(Eels and morays) >
Ophichthidae
(Snake eels) > Ophichthinae
Etymology:
Ophichthus:
Greek, ophis = serpent + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref.
45335
)
;
zophochir:
Name from Greek
zophochi
meaning dark hand, referring to the dusky pectoral fin (Ref.
4525
)
.
More on authors:
Jordan
&
Gilbert
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 110 m (Ref.
31243
). Subtropical
Eastern Pacific: Eureka in northern California, USA to Peru; uncommon in north of Baja California, Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 98.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
96339
); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
55763
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Vertebrae
: 149 - 162
Inhabits rocky and sandy areas. A burrowing species. Feeds on clams and fish (Ref.
4525
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann
, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref.
2850
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
23 May 2007
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.6 - 28.6, mean 23.4 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00085 (0.00045 - 0.00162), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.9 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
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