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Amblyopsis spelaea, Northern cavefish
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drawing shows typical species in Amblyopsidae.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Percopsiformes
(Trout-perches, pirate perches and cavefishes) >
Amblyopsidae
(Cavefishes)
Etymology:
Amblyopsis:
Greek, amblys = darkness + Greek, ops = shape (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
DeKay
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; demersal; non-migratory. Temperate; 39°N - 37°N
North America: Indiana and Kentucky, U.S.A.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5723
); common length : 6.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
12193
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9-11;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 8 - 11;
Vertebrae
: 29 - 30. Pink-white. No eyes (vestigial eye tissues under skin). Extremely small pelvic fins (rarely absent). Large, broad head. Caudal fin with 4-6 rows of papillae; 11-13 branched caudal rays.
Blind and depigmented. Despite the lack of eyes it does respond to light and moves away from it (scotophilia). Inhabits subterranean water or caves which have consolidated mud-rock substrates in shoals and silt-sand substrates in pools but is more often found in caves with uniform silt-sand substrates (Ref.
34868
). Has low reproduction rate and broods eggs in gill cavity for up to 4-5 months (Ref. 557;
34868; 27795
). Can live for 2 years without food because of low metabolic rate (Ref.
5326
). Top predator.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Female incubates eggs in gill cavities (Ref.
7471
).
Romero, A. and L. Bennis
, 1998. Threatened fishes of the world:
Amblyopsis spelaea
DeKay, 1842 (Amblyopsidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 51(4):420. (Ref.
27795
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Near Threatened (NT)
; Date assessed:
04 August 2012
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.6338 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.20; low reproductive rate (Refs. 34868; 27795).).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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- 20 July 2016
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