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Overview |
Main identification features
- body striated, robust;eye large
- 2 rows dark spots; dorsal fin - dark streaks
- tail: 56-62 percent total length
- rear nostril: large flat tube
- pectoral like spatula
A relatively robust species; tail 56-62% of total length; head 10-11.5% of total length; body of large individuals conspicuously etched with fine longitudinal striations; dorsal fin origin over mid-pectoral; median fins well developed; pectorals spatula-like, 25-40% of head length; rear nostril in a large flat tube, opening outside top lip; a small barbel on lip just before rear nostril; eye large, about 8-12.5% of head length; teeth conical, strong, 1 row on roof of mouth, two rows on sides of jaws.
Preserved fish yellow, darker above; a series of brown spots from mid-flank to dorsal base, irregularly paired along midline, largest spots about eye diameter; dorsal fin margin with series of brown streaks; front half of anal fin yellowish, darker on base at rear, flanked by reddish stripes; median fins black at rear as they enter a deep groove; most of pectoral of large individuals dark; head and throat covered with smaller brown spots; front nostrils and tail tip yellow.
Size: reaches 68 cm.
Habitat: sand and rubble bottoms.
Depth: 3-200 m.
Galapagos and Cocos Islands.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 200 m.
Depth Range Min: 3 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=6; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-87; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=6.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 68 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); TEP endemic; TEP oceanic island (s) endemic; Multiple oceanic islands endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
- McCosker , J.E. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 1998., A revision of the Eastern pacific snake-Eel genus Ophichthus (anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) With the Description of Six New Species., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 50:397-432.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from FishBase
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Top | See original
http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=rugifer ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=rugifer
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=rugifer ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=rugifer
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophichthus&speciesname=rugifer ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Ophichthus-rugifer.html
Ophichthus rugifer
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drawing shows typical species in Ophichthidae.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Anguilliformes
(Eels and morays) >
Ophichthidae
(Snake eels) > Ophichthinae
Etymology:
Ophichthus:
Greek, ophis = serpent + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref.
45335
)
;
rugifer:
Name from Latin word 'rugose', referring to the longitudinal striations that are obvious on larger specimens.
.
More on authors:
Jordan
&
Bollman
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic; depth range ? - 200 m (Ref.
31243
). Tropical
Eastern Pacific: Galapagos and Cocos Islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 68.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
31243
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Vertebrae
: 157 - 162
Known from a few to 200 m depth.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt
, 1998. A revision of the Eastern Pacific snake-eel genus
Ophichthus
(Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) with the description of six new species. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 50(19):397-432. (Ref.
31243
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
22 May 2007
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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- 20 July 2016
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Updated: 2024-05-23 02:53:38 gmt
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