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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Syngnathiformes
(Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae
(Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology:
Hippocampus:
Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref.
45335
)
;
planifrons:
Name from Latin
bi
meaning two, and
ocellus
meaning eye, in reference to the double eye-like spot on its back.
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; non-migratory; depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref.
42735
). Subtropical; 18°S - 26°S (Ref.
75154
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 22-23;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 4 - 5. Anal fin rays divided at base; tail rings 36-38; subdorsal spines 4/0,0,1,1 or 5/0,0,1,1,1; nose ridge slightly raised, without a spine; spine above eyes moderately large, angled back and laterally outward; lateral head spine moderately large and recurved; coronet slightly raised, apex with 5 blunt diverging spines; upper shoulder-ring spine of small to moderate size, situated beside gill openings; central shoulder-ring spine of moderate size and directed laterally outward; superior trunk and tail ridges with broad thorn-like blunt spines, enlarged on some rings, at regular intervals; superior tail ridge with tubercle-like spines of moderate size, angled backward; trunk ridges followed by connecting tail ridges with spines and tubercles becoming gradually smaller posteriorly; lateral line with distinct pores, on trunk rings just above lateral ridge, continuing onto tail to 18th-23rd tail ring, each pore between raised papillae (Ref.
42735
).
Adults inhabit shallow algae or weedy reef areas from the intertidal to about 20 m depth (Ref.
42735
). Maximum length is based on a straight-line length measurement from upper surface (ignoring spines) of first trunk ring, to tip of tail (Ref.
42735
). Ovoviviparous (Ref.
205
). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref.
205
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Male carries the eggs in a brood pouch (Ref.
205
).
Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster
, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses
Hippocampus
Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref.
115213
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 18 - 23.8, mean 19.2 °C (based on 107 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00177 - 0.01127), b=3.00 (2.78 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Page last modified by :
mrius-barile
- 20 July 2016
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