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Parupeneus indicus, Indian goatfish : fisheries, gamefish
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Parupeneus indicus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Mulliformes
(Goatfishes) >
Mullidae
(Goatfishes)
Etymology:
Parupeneus:
Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river
.
More on author:
Shaw
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 10 - 30 m (Ref.
48636
). Tropical; 19°N - 23°S, 28°E - 150°W
Indo-Pacific: Yemen coast of the Gulf of Aden and southern Oman, along the east coast of Africa to Port Alfred, South Africa (33°S), east to the Caroline and Somoan islands; southern Japan to southern Queensland.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
48636
); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
48636
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 8;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9;
Anal
spines
: 1;
Anal
soft rays
: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 5-7 + 18-21 (total 24-27)> Body depth 3.25-3.75 in SL; head length (HL) 2.9-3.25 in SL; snout length 1.65-1.95 in HL; barbel length 1.3-1.5 in HL. Longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.8 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray about equal to last dorsal ray in juveniles, 1.05-1.2 in length of last dorsal ray of adults; pectoral-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.3-1.5 in HL. Body greenish brown to reddish brown dorsally, the scale edges narrowly dark, shading to whitish or pale pink ventrally, with a nearly round black spot as large or larger than eye on side of caudal peduncle, two-thirds of which lies above the lateral line; a large, horizontally elongate yellow spot (sometimes partly white) on lateral line below interdorsal space; barbels white; irregular pale blue lines extending anteroventrally and dorsoposteriorly from eye; second dorsal and anal fins with irregular oblique pale blue lines; caudal fin yellowish gray with faint blue lines paralleling rays; peritoneum dark brown (pale brown to white in other species of the genus except
Parupeneus barberinus
) (Ref.
54393
).
Inhabit shallow sandy or silty areas (seagrass substrata) of coastal and inner lagoon reefs (Ref.
9710
,
54393
). Occur singly or in schools (Ref.
5213
). Large adults usually at moderate depths to about 30 m (Ref.
48636
). Feed on benthic invertebrates; the diet including small crabs, amphipods, shrimps, small octopuses, polychaete worms, and small fishes (Ref.
54393
). Marketed fresh (Ref.
5284
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Randall, J.E.
, 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus
Parupeneus
(Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref.
54393
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
11 March 2015
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 26.2 - 29, mean 28.2 °C (based on 442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00956 - 0.01444), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.67, 95% CL = 0.44 - 1.01, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 29.3 [14.0, 66.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.276 [0.137, 0.641] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [14.9, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.07, 0.23] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [21.2, 118.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 178 [31, 850] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.611 [0.357, 1.147] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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