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Squatina argentina, Argentine angelshark : fisheries
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Argentine angelshark
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Squatina argentina
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Squatiniformes
(Angel sharks) >
Squatinidae
(Angel sharks)
Etymology:
Squatina:
Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with
Squalus squatina
Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (
See ETYFish
)
;
argentina:
Presumably named for Argentina, described from off the coast of Buenos Aires (the province, not the city). (
See ETYFish
)
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 100 - 400 m (Ref.
57911
). Subtropical; 19°S - 53°S, 68°W - 38°W (Ref.
54901
)
Southwest Atlantic: Brazil to southern Uruguay.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - 120 cm
Max length : 170 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
247
); common length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
6077
)
This species is distinguished from its congeners by having a darker background color, ranging from dark-brown to reddish-brown (vs. light-brown to dark-brown in
S. guggenheim
and
S. occulta
), with higher number of tooth rows with 24 vertical tooth rows in both upper and lower jaws, tooth formula 12-12/12-12; (vs. 9-9 to 10-10/9-9 to 11-11 in
S. occulta
, and 9-9 to 11-11/9-9 to 11-11 in
S. guggenheim
), and with anterior half of pectoral fin margin convex (vs. anterior margin of pectoral fin straight); differs from
S. guggenheim
and
S. occulta
with the interspiracular surface covered by small and homogeneous dorsal denticles, without enlarged denticles (vs. a pair of enlarged, conical and morphologically distinct dermal denticles between spiracles in
S. occulta
and
S. guggenheim
); differs from
S. occulta
by lacking blackish irregular small spots surrounding white spots on dorsal surface (i.e. absence of ocelli-like markings); differs further from
S. guggenheim
by having the dorsal midline denticles on trunk morphologically similar to other trunk denticles and barely organized in a row (vs. dorsal midline row of enlarged denticles morphologically distinct from other trunk denticles), the denticles close to origin of pectoral fin morphologically homogeneous, similar to other pectoral denticles (vs. presence of a pair, or more, enlarged and morphologically distinct denticles from other pectoral denticles, in
S. guggenheim
) (Ref.
95520
).
Found on the continental shelf and slope. Ovoviviparous (Ref.
50449
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref.
50449
). Both ovaries are functional (Ref.
57911
).
Vaz, D.F.B. and M.R. De Carvalho
, 2013. Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of
Squatina
from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae). Zootaxa 3695(1):001-081. (Ref.
95520
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Critically Endangered (CR)
(A2bd); Date assessed:
05 August 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
FAO - Fisheries:
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,
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; Publication:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 4 - 16.3, mean 6.1 °C (based on 18 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00293 - 0.01558), b=3.07 (2.88 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec 7-11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 8.08 [1.10, 152.92] mg/100g; Iron = 0.689 [0.065, 8.563] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.3, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.288 [0.108, 0.796] g/100g; Selenium = 34.1 [6.7, 171.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.73 [0.45, 68.92] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.021, 4.093] mg/100g (wet weight);
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