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Epinephelus epistictus, Dotted grouper : fisheries
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Epinephelus epistictus
Picture by
CSIRO
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Perciformes/Serranoidei
(Groupers) >
Epinephelidae
(Groupers)
Etymology:
Epinephelus:
Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Temminck
&
Schlegel
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 800 m (Ref.
100719
). Tropical; 28°N - 32°S, 30°E - 154°E (Ref.
5222
)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Kenya to South Africa; Oman, west coast of India, Korea, Japan including Ogasawara Islands, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref.
9819
) and northern Australia. Sometimes misidentified as
Epinephelus magniscuttis
or
Epinephelus heniochus
.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5222
); common length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5450
); max. published weight: 7.0 kg (Ref.
5222
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 14-15;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 8
Found in the continental shelf over soft bottom (Ref.
7300
); associated with coral reefs or rocky bottoms and other inshore environments of tropical seas (Ref.
97263
). Nothing has been published on its biology.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall
, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref.
5222
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
15 March 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00500 - 0.01450), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec = 448,584).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 57.3 [22.8, 132.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.802 [0.370, 1.876] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.119, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [45, 235] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.4 [9.7, 160.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.67, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);
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