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Mordacia mordax, Shorthead lamprey
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Shorthead lamprey
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Petromyzonti (lampreys) >
Petromyzontiformes
(Lampreys) >
Mordaciidae
(Southern topeyed lampreys)
Etymology:
Mordacia:
Etymology not explained, likely derived from
mordax
(L.), biting, referring to specific name of
M. mordax
. (
See ETYFish
)
;
mordax:
Latin for biting, perhaps referring to its parasitic behavior and/or serrated, cutting teeth. (
See ETYFish
)
.
More on author:
Richardson
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; anadromous (Ref.
89241
). Temperate; 35°S - 44°S (Ref.
26213
)
Southern Ocean: Southeastern Australia from Shoalhaven River, New South Wales to Gulf of St. Vincent, South Australia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5259
); common length : 37.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5259
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Adults: 11.3-43.2 cm TL; body proportions of pre-spawning specimens, as percentage of TL (based on 125 prespawning specimens measuring 11.3-42.1 cm TL): 8.5-11.3 prebranchial length, 7.1-9.8 branchial length, 60.4-68.3 trunk length, 14.4-20.1 tail length, 1.1-1.7 eye length and 4.9-6.6 disc length. Body proportions of spawning male specimens, as percentage of TL (based on 8 spawning males measuring 27.7-37.6 cm TL): 11.4-16.6 prebranchial length, 8.8-10.1 branchial length, 60.1-65.3 trunk length, 13.3-15.7 tail length, 8.1-11.2 disc length. Mature males with some loose skin in gular region. Urogenital papilla not prominent in mature adults; trunk myomeres, 84-96. Adult dentition: 2 triangular supraoral laminae each with 3 unicuspid teeth, 1 per apex; infraoral lamina, 7-9 unicuspid teeth of various size (these teeth become greatly enlarged with sexual maturation); 5-7 endolateral plates on either side each bearing 2-3 unicuspid teeth, usually 3; endolateral formula, typically 2-3-3-3-3-3 in immature individuals and 5-7 individual cusps on either side in mature individuals; 1 row of anterials; first row of anterials, 2 unicuspid teeth plus 1-2 bicuspid teeth or 3 unicuspid teeth flanked on either side by 1 bicuspid tooth; 1 row of exolaterals on each side; 1 row of posterials; first row of posterials, 12-14 posterial plates, the 2-4 lateralmost tricuspid and the internal ones bicuspid in immature individuals and 12-14 unicuspid teeth in mature individuals; transverse lingual lamina w-shaped, with 29 unicuspid teeth, the median one and the 2 subterminal ones slightly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae interrupted j-shaped, each with an undetermined number of unicuspid teeth. Velar tentacles in adults, 3-4, smooth. Body coloration (live) of immature adults brownish gray on dorsal surface and silvery on ventral surface; lateral line neuromasts darkly pigmented; caudal fin pigmentation, 25% to <75% coverage; caudal fin shape, spade-like; oral papillae, 25-45 (Ref.
89241
).
Adults inhabit the sea for an undetermined period and are parasitic on fishes; enter freshwater to breed. Majority of adulthood is spent in estuaries or at sea. Upstream spawning migrants occur in fast-flowing sections of rivers with a mud, sand or silt substrate, sometimes seen congregated below barriers to upstream movement such as weirs. Ammocoetes live in slow-flowing streams, burrowed in mud or silt. Common length is 35-40 cm (Ref.
44894
). Larval life is 3.5 yrs. During the spawning migration, adults burrow in the substrate of rivers during the day and migrate upstream during the night. Fecundity, 3,789-13,372 eggs/female. De Castelnau (1872) states that the adults from the lower Yarra River, Victoria, are considered good food (Ref.
89241
).
Allen, G.R.
, 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref.
5259
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
12 February 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 14.3 - 16.8, mean 15.4 °C (based on 44 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00102 (0.00046 - 0.00225), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.3 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Semelparous species, assuming tm (= tmax) > 4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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