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Overview |
Main identification features
- grey + 4-5 pale bars
- bone under eye: free from cheek
- bone under eye: edge not scale covered
Dorsal rays XIII, 12-13 (usually 13); anal rays II, 10; pectoral rays 19; lateral line scales 20-21; gill rakers on first arch 19-23; bone under eye usually not fused to cheek, its lower edge free, although sometimes partly joined to cheek and its lower border covered with scales; maximum body height of adults 59.2-62.6% of standard length.
Grey with 4-5 narrow whitish bars; most body scales with dark borders; narrow blackish bar or blackish wedge-shaped blotch on base of pectoral.
Size: reaches 18 cm.
Habitat: lives on rocky reefs exposed to wave action.
Depth: 0- 5 m.
Lower Baja and the central Gulf of California to Costa Rica; the Revillagigedos.
Has been considered a synonym of A. concolor, but a recent molecular study of Lessios et al 1995 (Copeia 1995: 277-288) confirmed that it is a separate species.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 5 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: sessile worms; sessile molluscs; benthic microalgae; sessile crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=29; Southern limit=9; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-84; Latitudinal range=20; Longitudinal range=31.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Omnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 18 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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References |
- Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fowler, H.W., 1916., Cold-Blooded Vertebrates from Costa Rica and the Canal Zone., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 68:389-414.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Gill, T.N., 1862., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 1., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 14:140-151.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
- Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
- Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Victor, B. C. and Wellington, G. M., 2000., Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean., Marine Ecology Progress Series, 205:241-248.
- Villareal-Cavazos, A., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Bermúdez-Almada, B. and Arizpe-Covarrubias, O., 2000., Los peces del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California, México: Lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía., Rev. Biol. Trop., 48:413-424.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Abudefduf&speciesname=declivifrons ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Abudefduf&speciesname=declivifrons
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Abudefduf&speciesname=declivifrons ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Abudefduf&speciesname=declivifrons
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Abudefduf&speciesname=declivifrons ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Abudefduf-declivifrons.html
Abudefduf declivifrons, Mexican nightsergeant
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Abudefduf declivifrons
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Ovalentaria/misc
(Various families in series Ovalentaria) >
Pomacentridae
(Damselfishes) > Glyphisodontinae
Etymology:
Abudefduf:
Arabic, abu = father; this fish is the leader of the reef against other species (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Gill
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 5 m (Ref.
11482
). Tropical; 27°N - 6°N, 114°W - 78°W (Ref.
56018
)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Acapulco, Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
11482
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 13;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 12-13;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 10. Body gray with 4-5 narrow whitish bars. The suborbital often separated from preopercle; it is clearly demarcated by free lower edge, but sometimes partly attached to cheek with its lower border obscured by scales.
Found in rocky reefs exposed to surge (Ref.
11482
). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref.
205
). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref.
205
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref.
205
). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref.
205
).
Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson
, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p. (Ref.
11482
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
27 May 2008
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.00932 - 0.05134), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.7 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 81.9 [42.3, 133.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.645 [0.377, 1.069] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.089 [0.053, 0.146] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [9.6, 34.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.2 [23.7, 294.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.58 [1.06, 2.32] mg/100g (wet weight);
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- 20 July 2016
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|
Updated: 2024-04-16 17:17:32 gmt
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