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Overview |
Main identification features
- black; orange oval rear body
Dorsal rays IX, 29-33; anal rays III, 26-29; pectoral rays 16; body depth 1.7-1.9 in standard length; gill rakers on first arch 16-20; tail fin concave.
Overall bluish black with large eliptical orange patch posteriorly on body; a white slash or short bar covering middle of opercular membrane; tail fin with broad orange bar and white rear margin.
Size: to 26 cm.
Habitat: shallow surge areas of rocky and coral reefs.
Depth: 0-10 m.
The tropical central Pacific; in the eastern Pacific it has been seen near Cape San Lucas (Baja California) and inside the western Gulf, and a pelagic juvenile was collected near Clipperton Island.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 10 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: benthic microalgae.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=11; Western limit=-111; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=14; Longitudinal range=1.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Herbivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; Pacific only (East + Central &/or West); "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 26 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Castro-Aguirre , J. L. , Balart , E. F. and Arvizu-Martínez, J., 1995., Contribución al conocimiento del origen y distribución de la ictiofauna del Golfo de California, México., Hidrobiologica, 5:57-78.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Piña, V.H., Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Gutiérrez-Sanchez, F.J., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2003., Seasonal structure of fish asseblages in rocky and sandy habitats in Bahía de La Paz, Mexico., Bull. Mar. Sci., 72:19-35.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
- Shaw, G., 1803., General zoology or systematic natural history ... Pisces. G. Kearsley, London, 1800-1826. Pisces in vol. 4 (1803) and vol. 5 (1804). [Series is 14 vols., 1800-1826.]., General Zool., 4:1-186.
- Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=achilles ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=achilles http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=achilles ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=achilles https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Acanthurus&speciesname=achilles ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Acanthurus-achilles.html
Acanthurus achilles, Achilles tang : fisheries, aquarium
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Achilles tang
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Acanthurus achilles
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Acanthuriformes
(Surgeonfishes) >
Acanthuridae
(Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) > Acanthurinae
Etymology:
Acanthurus:
Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, oura = tail (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Shaw
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref.
27115
), usually 0 - 4 m (Ref.
9710
). Tropical; 28°N - 26°S, 143°E - 109°W
Western Pacific: oceanic islands of Oceania to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands. Also known from Wake, Marcus, and Mariana islands. Eastern Central Pacific: southern tip of Baja California, Mexico (Ref.
9267
) and other offshore islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9710
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 29-33;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 26 - 29. Dark brown, nearly black in color. Erectile spine (sharp and forward-pointing) on each side of caudal peduncle which folds down into a groove. Mouth small, snout noticeably extended. Light blue ring around chin and presence of spot of same color on gill cover at angle of gill opening. Dorsal fin with soft part having longer base than spinous part. Juveniles lack the large orange spot on caudal area.
Occurs in clear seaward reefs, usually in groups (Ref.
9710
). Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Feeds on filamentous and small fleshy algae (Ref.
9267
). Monogamous (Ref.
52884
). Spine in caudal peduncle may be venomous. Size of metamorphosis from postlarva stage to juvenile is 6 cm (Ref.
9267
). This species sometimes hybridizes with
A. nigricans
(Ref.
9808
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref.
52884
).
Randall, J.E.
, 1956. A revision of the surgeonfish genus
Acanthurus
. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref.
1920
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
03 May 2010
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref.
4690
)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 25.8 - 28.3, mean 27.4 °C (based on 404 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01103 - 0.04981), b=2.96 (2.79 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 77.7 [33.7, 236.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.837 [0.317, 2.103] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0938 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 13 [4, 39] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.8 [10.8, 181.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.17 [0.99, 6.04] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-03-29 12:04:21 gmt
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