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South America: Trinidad and Venezuela to the Amazon delta in Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
13.0
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
35237
); common length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5217
); max. published weight: 400.00 g (Ref.
35237
)
Eye divided into aerial and aquatic parts. Fewer than 80 scales in row above lateral line (Ref.
26938
).
Mainly found in freshwater, sometimes in brackish parts of lagoons and mangrove coastlines (Ref.
26938
). Moves in schools (Ref.
26938
). Feeds on insects (Ref.
7020
), other invertebrates and diatoms living on the mud, and small fishes (Ref.
35237
). Can remain on mud bottom exposed to air during low tide (Ref.
26938
). Used in eye research (Ref.
4537
). Often travels in schools (Ref.
26938
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez
, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref.
5217
)
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00266 - 0.00943), b=3.19 (3.02 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
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FishBase mirror site :
Laguna, Philippines
Page last modified by :
mrius-barile
