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Overview |
Main identification features
- snout moderate, pointed
- tips of tail fin black
- top jaw reaches edge opercle
- pectoral short
- a: short base, origin under rear 1/2 d
Moderately deep, depth ~22% of standard length; snout medium length, pointed; top jaw long, almost to end of gill cover, tip pointed; no large canine teeth; membrane between gill covers not expanded at rear; third gill arch with rakers; 22-27 rakers on lower limb of first gill arch; dorsal fin origin in mid-body; anal fin base short, 16-22 rays, origin under rear 1/2 of dorsal fin; pectorals short, not reaching pelvics.
Silver stripe along flank broad; lower 3/4 body silver in large fish; tail tips black.
Size: 9.5 cm.
Habitat: marine, coastal pelagic, tolerant of low salinities.
Depth: 0-10 m?.
El Salvador to Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 10 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: zooplankton; phytoplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=14; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-90; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=18; Longitudinal range=12.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 9.5 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Panamic province endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:2183-3136.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Nelson, G.J., 1983., Anchoa argentivittata, with notes on other eastern Pacific anchovies and the Indo-Pacific genus *Encrasicholina*., Copeia, 1983:48-54.
- Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Whitehead , P.J.P. , Nelson , G.J. and Wongratana, T., 1985., Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125(2):305-579.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Anchoa&speciesname=starksi ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Anchoa&speciesname=starksi http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Anchoa&speciesname=starksi ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Anchoa&speciesname=starksi https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Anchoa&speciesname=starksi ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Anchoa-starksi.html
Anchoa starksi, Starks's anchovy : fisheries
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Anchoa starksi
Picture by
Robertson, R.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes
(Herrings) >
Engraulidae
(Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology:
Anchoa:
Italian ancioa = anchovy (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Gilbert
&
Pierson
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref.
189
). Tropical; 14°N - 4°S, 89°W - 76°W (Ref.
189
)
Eastern Pacific: El Salvador to Ecuador, perhaps south to northern Peru.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.7 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
189
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 16 - 22. Snout moderate, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla quite long, tip pointed, reaching almost to edge of gill cover; lower gill rakers increasing in larger fishes; pseudobranch long, extending onto inner face of operculum; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin short, its origin under posterior third of dorsal fin base. Broad silver stripe along flank, lost with age.
Occurs in coastal waters. In the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, it is confined to the inner parts, thus apparently tolerating lowered salinities
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Spawn in school (Ref.
205
).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana
, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
189
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
01 November 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of potential interest
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 22.3 - 28.5, mean 27.1 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00232 - 0.01135), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
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Updated: 2024-04-19 15:25:48 gmt
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