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· 5
Andrena hilaris, F, back, Maryland, Anne Arundel County |
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· 5
Andrena hilaris, F, face, Maryland, Anne Arundel County |
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· 5
Andrena hilaris, F, side, Maryland, Anne Arundel County |
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· 5
Andrena hilaris, M, Face, South Carolina, Chesterfield County |
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© Rebekah Andrus Nelson
· 2
Andrena hilaris, male, cheek |
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· 1
Andrena hilaris, male, genital armature |
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· 1
Andrena hilaris, male, head lateral view |
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· 1
Andrena hilaris, male, sternal plates 7 and 8 |
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Overview |
Reprinted with permission of the American Entomological Society from:
Bouseman, J. K., LaBerge, W. E. 1978. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part IX. Subgenus Melandrena. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 104: 275-390.
Please report text errors to: leah at discoverlife dot org.
Andrena hilaris is a large, relatively rare, southeastern species of Melandrena resembling the pale specimens of A. nivalis. Both sexes of hilaris can be recognized by the short lateral pale pubescent fasciae on terga 2 to 4. The female of hilaris can be separated from other Melandrena with pale scopal hairs by the labrum below the process lacking the median crista and lacking the transverse sulcus (a small median depression may be present), by the incomplete trochanteral flocculus, and by the scutellum being sparsely punctate and at least moderately shiny. The male of hilaris differs from that of nivalis by the tip of the eighth sternum lacking a notch and by the more sparsely punctate, shiny scutellum. In both sexes of hilaris the galea tend to be shiny to moderately shiny in the basal half or more, the shagreening being weak or absent basally.
FEMALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 20; length, 13-15 mm; width, 4-) mm; wing length, M = 5.20 ħ 0.043 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.03 ħ 0.00; FOVL/FOVW, M = 3.26 ħ 0.029.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. Black except as follows: mandible with apical half oĞ more rufescent; flagellum below dark reddish-brown to dark brown; tegula translucent, ferruginous; wing membranes moderately infumate especially apically, veins red to reddish-brown (subcosta dark); terga with apical areas translucent yellow 10 red with rim hyaline; sterna with narrow apical areas hyaline, colorless to yellow. basal areas with rufescent reflections; tarsi and hind tibiae dark rufescent; tibial spurs reddish-brown to testaceous.
STRUCTURE. Scape length equal to first three and one-fourth flagellar segments or slightly more; flagellar segment 1 about as long as segments 2 plug 3; segment 2 distinctly shorter than 3, quadrate or slightly broader than long; segments 3-10 longer than broad. Eyes, mandible and malar spare as in vicina. Galea as in vicina but not as densely shagreened, in basal half shiny to moderately shiny, shagreening absent to weak basally. Maxillary palpus as in vicina but segmental ratio about as 1.0:1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:0.6. Labial palpus as in vicina but ratio about as 1.0:0.7:0.6:0.5. Labral process large, trapezoidal, with or without shallow apical emargination, base with one to five or six transverse striae, shiny apically; labrum apical to process without transverse sulcus or strong median crista, often small depression just below tip of process, with several weak incomplete lateral cristae. Clypeus as in vicina but usually shagreening restricted to extreme base. Supraclypeal area with small crowded but discrete punctures, moderately shiny. Face above antennal fossae, facial fovea and vertex as in vicina. Genal area in profile about one and one-half times as broad as eye width, sculptured as in vicina.
Prothorax as in vicina. Mesoscutum sculptured as in vicina but posteromedian third or more shiny to moderately shiny, reticular shagreening fine. Scutellum as in vicina but shiny, shagreening usually absent medially on either side of midline punctures. Propodeum with dorsal enclosure moderately coarsely areolate in basal half, usually granular medially to apex, occasionally entirely areolate; dorsal, posterior and lateral surfaces as in vicina. Mesepisternum as in vicina. Wing venation, tibial spurs and tarsal claws as in vicina.
Metasomal tergum 1 with basal area punctures minute, separated by two to several puncture widths, shiny to moderately shiny, reticular shagreening fine to absent; apical area impunctate along rim especially medially, basally and laterally with punctures usually slightly larger than in basal area, separated irregularly by half to two or more puncture widths, shiny, shagreening often absent or fine. Tergum 2 similar to tergum 1 but basal area punctures more crowded basally, sparser in apical half near apical area; apical area punctures usually more abundant than in tergum 1 especially medially. Terga 3 and 4 similar to tergum 2 but slightly duller, shagreening more evident. Pygidial plate broadly V-shaped with broad, rounded apex, without internal raised triangular area. Sterna 2-5 as in vicina but punctures coarser and surface usually shinier, shagreening weak to absent.
VESTITURE. Pale ochraceous to dark ochraceous; scopal hairs slightly yellow; hind basitarsal hairs yellow. Distribution and form of hair as in vicina but terga 2-4 with short lateral pale pubescent fasciae apically, that on tergum 4 almost complete in several specimens; dorsal thoracic hairs short, erect, relatively sparse.
MALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 20; length, 9-13 mm; width, 2.0-3.5 mm; wing length, M = 4.48 ħ 0.219 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.03 ħ 0.006; FS1/FS2, M = 1.10 ħ 0.062.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. Black except as follows: mandible with apical half rufescent; flagellar segments dark reddish-brown below; tegula translucent, ferruginous; wing membranes moderately infumate, veins red to reddish-brown, subcosta dark; terga 1-5 with apical areas with rims hyaline, yellow, basally usually rufescent, occasionally darker; sterna rufescent with hyaline, yellow apical areas; tarsi usually dark rufescent; tibial spurs testaceous to ferruginous.
STRUCTURE. Antenna in repose reaching scutellum; scape length equals first two and one-half flagellar segments; flagellar segment 1 usually slightly longer than segment 2 and about equal in length to segment 3; median segments about one and one-third times as long as broad. Eyes each about three and one-half times as long as broad, inner margins converging towards vertex. Mandible, galea and malar space as in female. Maxillary palpus as in female but segmental ratio about as 0.9:1.0:0.9:0.8:0.8:0.7. Labial palpus as in female but ratio about as 1.0:0.6:0.6:0.6. Labral process and labrum apical to process as in vicina. Clypeus as in female but often lacking median impunctate line and often shiny and unshagreened to base at least medially. Supraclypeal area, face above antennal fossae, vertex and genal area as in female.
Thoracic form and sculpturing as in female but propodeum with dorsal area outside of enclosure, posterior and lateral surfaces with punctures coarser, roughening surfaces, tessellate. Wing venation, tibial spurs and tarsal claws as in vicina.
Metasomal terga 1-5 as in female terga 1-4 but apical areas with broader impunctate rims and punctures more variable; a few specimens with both basal and apical areas of all terga with punctures sparse, separated by four to five or more puncture widths; more densely punctate specimens as in female but shagreening usually denser and coarser basally. Tergum 7 with distinct pygidial area about five times as long as median width, apex usually somewhat rounded. Sterna 2-5 as in vicina but usually somewhat shinier. Sternum 6 flat, apical margin with shallow, broad, dish-shaped emargination.
Terminalia as in figures 84-88; note sternum 7 with apical lobes large, sternum 8 with apical area narrow.
VESTITURE. Generally pale to moderately dark ochraceous; terga 6 and 7 occasionally pale brown; inner surfaces tarsi pale yellow. Form and distribution of hair as in vicina but terga 2-4 with short lateral pale pubescent fasciae apically and thoracic dorsum with hairs relatively sparse.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE. Length 13 mm.; clypeus strongly convex, projecting about one-half below suborbital line, shining, with a narrow but distinct and slightly elevated median impunctate line, punctures otherwise deep and distinct, rather fine and close, facial foveae broad above, nearly filling area between eyes and ocelli, covered with ochraceous tomentum; distance between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli subequal to distance between ocelli; cheeks broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, rather dull, very finely punctate; length of malar space equal to about one-third basal width of mandible; basal segment of flagellum subequal to 2nd and 3rd combined; process of labrum quite large, subtriangular, apex rather narrowly truncate; pubescence of entire body pale ochraceous, becoming somewhat darker on fore and mid tibiae apically; thoracic integument rather dull but not densely tessellate, punctures of scutum rather shallow, quite close around margin but becoming sparse centrally, and sparse also in central portion of scutellum; pleura more densely tessellate, punctures very obscure; enclosure of propodeum dull, tessellate, rather narrowly but coarsely striate along basal margin; propodeal corbicula well developed but rather short, with a distinct anterior fringe; trochanteral floccus rather short; tibial scopa quite dense, hairs simple, of moderate length; basitarsi slightly narrower than their respective tibiae; wings quite strongly infuscated, especially apically; 2nd submarginal cell nearly equaling 3rd in length, receiving 1st recurrent slightly basad of middle; abdominal terga somewhat shining, quite strongly violaceous, apical depressed areas quite distinct, occupying medially about one-third of the discs, becoming hyaline along rims, somewhat more closely punctate than remainder of the discs, punctures in general quite fine, close toward sides, somewhat more sparse medially; terga 2-4 with quite dense, apical, ochraceous fasciae which are rather widely interrupted, tergum 5 with a dense, apical, brownish fimbria.
MALE. Length 11 mm.; clypeus strongly convex, projecting about one-third below suborbital line, shining, with deep and distinct but rather fine and well separated punctures; space between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli about equal to distance between ocelli; cheeks broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, rather dull, very minutely and closely punctate; length of malar space about one-third basal width of mandible; basal segment of flagellum slightly longer than 2nd segment, subequal to 3rd; process of labrum large, obscure, subtriangular, apex rather broadly truncate; mandibles quite slender, relatively straight, with a distinct, inner, subapical tooth, overlapping about one-third; pubescence entirely pale ochraceous; thoracic integument rather dull but not densely tessellate, punctures of scutum rather shallow, fine and close except in center posteriorly where they become quite sparse, and quite sparse and irregular on scutellum; pleura more densely tessellate, punctures obscure but quite close; enclosure of propodeum subrugose; basitarsi slender and elongate, narrower than their respective tibiae; wings quite distinctly infuscated apically; 2nd submarginal cell slightly shorter than 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent near middle, abdominal terga somewhat shining, apical depressed areas distinct but rather narrow, punctures fine and well separated, those on remainder of discs equally fine, closer on sides, quite sparse in center, discal pubescence rather short, suberect, entirely pale ochraceous, forming rather distinct but loose fasciae on extreme sides of terga 2-4; apical portion of sternum 8 quite slender and elongate, with a rather distinct, median, ventral protuberance, densely long pubescent from this to the rather abruptly truncate, narrow tip; penis valves very slightly dilated basally, not excavated, gonocoxites long and slender, hardly at all dilated apically, gonocoxal lobes rounded, very slightly produced.
DISTRIBUTION. Michigan and Ohio to eastern Canada and the New England states, south to Georgia and Alabama; March to June.
FLOWER RECORDS. Aronia, Crataegus, Hydrangea, Ilex, Malus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rubus, Salix and Vaccinium.
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Updated: 2024-04-19 20:16:35 gmt
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