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Overview |
Main identification features
- eye - black stripe
- black bar under 2nd dorsal fin
- tail base - black spot
Dorsal rays VI + I, 9-10; anal rays II, 7; pectoral rays 12; lateral-line scales 24-27; gill rakers on first arch (including rudiments) 4-5 + 11-13; tail fin moderately concave.
Generally red or reddish pink; a dark brown or blackish bar below second dorsal fin and blackish spot at middle of caudal fin base; dark stripe on snout, continued behind eye.
Size: reaches 10 cm.
Inhabits rocky reefs.
Depth: 1-60 m.
Southern Baja and the central Gulf of California to western Panama, and Malpelo and Gorgona Islands, Colombia.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 60 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: zooplankton; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=4; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-82; Latitudinal range=28; Longitudinal range=33.
Egg Type: Brooded; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 10 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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References |
- Aburto-Oropeza , O. and Balart, E. F., 2001., Community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the Gulf of California., Marine Ecology, 22:283-305.
- Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
- Elorduy Garay , J. F. and Jiménez Gutiérrez, S. V., 2000., Metodologías para el estudio de los peces de arrecife. En Aburto Oropeza, O. y C. A. Sánchez Ortiz (Eds.). Recursos arrecifales del Golfo de California, estrategias de manejo para las especies marinas de ornato., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:72-82.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- García-Rodríguez , F. J. and Aurioles-Gamboa, D., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la diversidad íctica en la Bahía de La Paz por … lobo marino de California, Zalophus californianus californianus. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:151-162.
- Gill, T.N., 1862., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California, in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 3., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 14:249-262.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
- Jordan , and McGregor,., 1898., List of fishes collected at the Revillagigedo archipelago and neighboring islands., Rept. U.S. Fisheries Comm., 24:271-284.
- Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Sánchez Ortíz , C. , Arreola Robles , J. L. , Aburto Oropeza , O. and Cortés Hernández, M., 1997., Peces de arrecife en la región de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:189-200.
- Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Villareal-Cavazos, A., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Bermúdez-Almada, B. and Arizpe-Covarrubias, O., 2000., Los peces del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California, México: Lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía., Rev. Biol. Trop., 48:413-424.
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I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Apogon&speciesname=retrosella ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Apogon&speciesname=retrosella
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Apogon&speciesname=retrosella ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Apogon&speciesname=retrosella
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Apogon&speciesname=retrosella ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Apogon-retrosella.html
Apogon retrosella, Barspot cardinalfish : aquarium
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Apogon retrosella
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Robertson, R.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Kurtiformes
(Nurseryfishes, cardinalfishes.) >
Apogonidae
(Cardinalfishes) > Apogoninae
Etymology:
Apogon:
Greek, a = without + Greek pogon = chin, beard (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Gill
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref.
37955
). Tropical
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to southern Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
11482
)
Found in rocky reefs (Ref.
11482
). Seeks refuge during the day (Ref.
37955
). Feeds on crustaceans and other small invertebrates (Ref.
37955
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Mouthbrooders (Ref.
240
). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref.
205
).
Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson
, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p. (Ref.
11482
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
01 May 2008
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: potential
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 20 - 28.7, mean 24.9 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00641 - 0.02055), b=3.12 (2.97 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 137 [84, 250] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.63, 1.63] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.109, 0.293] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [18.2, 64.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 84.9 [30.3, 240.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.99 [1.35, 2.79] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-25 10:30:15 gmt
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