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- FishBase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- head: top granular, central groove short, deep, narrow
- 2nd dorsal fin base 2/3 1st dorsal fin base
- pectoral spine strongly serrated
- pelvics - wide white border
Dorsal rays I,7; anal rays 17-20; pectoral rays I,10-11; gill rakers on first arch 5-8 + 9-15; no rakers on posterior face of first arch; body moderately elongate; lips thick and ruffled; eye large, 1.6-2.8 in interorbital; head shield granular, the rough portion extending forward as broad triangular patch on each side of flattened, smooth area between eyes; central head groove well-defined, narrow, deep, but relatively short (not extending to base of bony nape process); that process triangular with bluntly-rounded apex; palate teeth in four patches, inner patches often separated at midline and continuous with slightly larger, ovate outer patches; none of palatine teeth project backwards; adipose fin base about two-thirds length of first dorsal base; pectoral spine strongly serrated.
Dark blue to greenish brown on back; sides greyish or with greenish-bronzy sheen; white on lower surface; fins dusky; pelvic fins with wide white border.
Size: reaches 35 cm.
Habitat: common in coastal waters, also entering estuaries.
Depth: 0-20 m.
The southern part of the Gulf of California to Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic worms; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-108; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=34; Longitudinal range=30.
Egg Type: Brooded; No pelagic larva; No pelagic phase.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom only; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Freshwater.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 35 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Freshwater; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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References |
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
- Betancur-R., R., 2003., Filogenia de los bagres marinos (Siluriformes: Ariidae) del nuevo mundo., Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 123pp.
- Betancur-R., R., Acero, A., 2004., Description of Notarius biffi n. sp. and redescription of N. insculptus (Jordan and Gilbert) (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the eastern Pacific, with evidence of monophyly and limits of Notarius., Zootaxa, 703:1-20.
- Breder, C.M. Jr., 1928., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Nematognathi, Apodes, Isospondyli, Synentognathi, and Thoracostraci from Panama to Lower California with a generic analysis of the Exocoetidae., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(2):1-25.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre , J. L. , Ruiz-Campos , G. and Balart, E. F., 2002., A new species of the genus Lile (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) of the Eastern Tropical Pacific., Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 101:1-12.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Cuesta, T.C., 1932., Lista de los peces de las costas de la Baja California., Inst. Biol. Mexico, Anal, 3(1):75-80.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Günther, A., 1864., Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the collection of the British Museum., Brithish Museum (Natural History)5:1-455.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Phillips, P. C., 1981., Annotated Checklist of Fishes at Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 29:45-58.
- Rojas , J. R. , Castro , M. and Pizarro, J. F., 1994., Epoca de desove, fecundidad y morfología en cinco especies ícticas (Pisces: Ariidae) e manglar en Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42:751-754.
- Rojas , J. R. , Pizarro , J. F. and Castro, M.V., 1994., Diversidad y Abundancia íctica en tres áreas de manglar en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42:663-672.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Starks, E. C., 1906., On a Collection of fishes made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 30:761-800.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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