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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Anabantiformes
(Gouramies, snakeheads) >
Osphronemidae
(Gouramies) > Macropodusinae
Etymology:
Betta:
Malay/Javanese origin. Bleeker (1850, 1858) indicates Ikan Wadder Bettah as the local name of
Betta trifasciata
Bleeker, 1849 (now
Betta picta
, Valenciennes, 1846) in the Ambarawa Javanese dialect. Ikan Wader is a common Javanese name for smaller freshwater fishes, especially cyprinids (already used in Old Javanese). See Blust, R. & Trussel, S. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Web Edition (https://www.trussel2.com/acd/).
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0 - 2;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 7-10;
Anal
spines
: 1-2;
Anal
soft rays
: 24 - 26;
Vertebrae
: 28 - 31. A member of the
Betta pugnax
species group that can be differentiated from other members by the following combination of characters: presence of chin-bar; absence of dark marks below postorbital stripe on opercle; presence of dorsal transverse bars; caudal transverse bars present only in male; greenish to bluish iridescent scales on opercle and body; red subdistal band and black edge on anal fin; absence of dark edge on caudal fin; anal fin rays 25-28 (mode 26); lateral scales 28-31 (mode 29); postdorsal scales 11-12 (mode 11); pelvic fin length 26.6-43.8% SL; head length 27.5-35.2% SL; inter-orbital width 32.4-53.0% HL (Ref.
56613
).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref.
126274
); Occurs in small fast flowing forest streams (Ref.
13061
). Inhabits mainly overhanging bank vegetation, submerged leaf litter and exposed roots of bank vegetation (Ref.
13220
,
56613
). Mouth brooder (Ref.
13061
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Spawns in a depression on the substrate. Male broods the eggs in his mouth until hatching (Ref.
13061
). Produces a minimum of 100 eggs (Ref.
1672
).
Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan
, 1996. Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish
Betta pugnax
(Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of
Betta pulchra
, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref.
13220
)
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00376 - 0.02663), b=2.97 (2.75 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Produces a minimum of 100 eggs (Ref.
1672
)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Laguna, Philippines
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