10.
Bidens frondosa
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
Bident feuillu
Bidens frondosa
var.
anomala
Porter ex Fernald;
B. frondosa
var.
caudata
Sherff;
B. frondosa
var.
pallida
(Wiegand) Wiegand;
B. frondosa
var.
stenodonta
Fernald & H. St. John;
B. melanocarpa
Wiegand
Annuals,
(10—)20—60(—180) cm.
Leaves:
petioles 10—40(—60) mm; blades deltate to lance-ovate overall, 30—80(—150+) × 20—60(—100+) mm, 3(—5)-foliolate, leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate to lance-ovate, (15—)35—60(—120) × (5—)10—20(—30) mm, bases cuneate, margins dentate to serrate, sometimes ciliate, apices acuminate to attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous.
Heads
usually borne singly, sometimes in 2s or 3s or in open, corymbiform arrays.
Peduncles
10—40(—80+) mm.
Calyculi
of (5—)8(—10) ascending to spreading, spatulate or oblanceolate to linear, sometimes ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 5—20(—60) mm, margins usually ciliate, abaxial faces glabrous or hirtellous.
Involucres
campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 6—9 × 7—12 mm.
Phyllaries
6—12, oblong or ovate to lance-ovate, 5—9 mm.
Ray florets
0 or 1—3+; laminae golden yellow, 2—3.5 mm.
Disc florets
20—60(—120+); corollas ± orange, 2.5—3+ mm.
Cypselae
blackish to brown or stramineous, ± obcompressed, obovate to cuneate, outer 5—7 mm, inner 7—10 mm, margins antrorsely or retrorsely barbed, apices ± truncate to concave, faces usually 1-nerved, sometimes tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous;
pappi
of 2 ± erect to spreading, antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns 2—5 mm.
2
n
= 24, 48, 72.
Flowering (Jun—)Aug—Sep(—Oct). Moist woods, meadows, thickets, fields, roadsides, railroads, borders of streams, ponds, sloughs, swamps, ditches; 10—2000 m; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; introduced, Europe.
Infusions and tinctures of
Bidens frondosa
are rated as outstanding herbal therapies for irritation, inflammation, pain, and bleeding of the urinary tract mucosa and are used for benign prostatic hypertrophy and increasing excretion of uric acid, decreasing the risk of gout attacks, as well as other medical uses (M. Moore 1993).
