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initial phase : red-grey + brown stripes and yellow c
juvenile: yellow
Dorsal rays XII, 10; anal rays III,12; pectoral rays 17; lateral line with 31 pored scales; large adults with pronounced hump between eyes; jaw teeth distinctly caniniform, 2 pairs at front of each jaw enlarged and somewhat curved; adult males with long filaments on tail fin lobes and prolonged rays posteriorly on dorsal and anal fins.
Initial phase reddish grading to yellow on posterior part of body and caudal fin; a pair of blackish stripes (may be broken) on upper half of side and individual scale margins brown to reddish; terminal phase bluish green with brown head (except lower jaw white) and narrow yellowish bar on middle of side; juveniles similar to initial phase, but with yellow base color.
Maximum size to 76 cm, common to 35 cm.
Commonly seen on rocky reefs.
Depth: 5-75 m.
Central Baja California to the Gulf of California to northern Chile, including all the offshore islands.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ). Depth Range Max: 75 m. Depth Range Min: 5 m. Diet: ectoparasites; sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; ectoparasites. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=31; Southern limit=-20; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=51; Longitudinal range=45. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 76 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
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Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
García-Rodríguez , F. J. and Aurioles-Gamboa, D., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la diversidad íctica en la Bahía de La Paz por … lobo marino de California, Zalophus californianus californianus. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:151-162.
Gill, T.N., 1862., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 1., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 14:140-151.
Gomon, M.F., 1997., Relationships of fishes of the labrid tribe Hypsigenyini., Bull. Mar. Sci., 60:789-871.
Gotshall, D.W., 1996., Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions., Kluwer Academic Publishers: 347-354.
Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
Hooker, Y., 1998., Fauna asociada a las aguas cálidas presentes en la Bahía de Pucusana durante El Niño 1997-98, Junio a Julio de 1997., Instituto del Mar del Peru, Informe., 85:3-20.
Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
Jordan , and McGregor,., 1898., List of fishes collected at the Revillagigedo archipelago and neighboring islands., Rept. U.S. Fisheries Comm., 24:271-284.
Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae
(Wrasses) > Bodianinae
Etymology:
Bodianus:
Bodianus
after
Bodiano
or
Pudiano
, from the Portuguese
pudor
, meaning modesty (Jordan & Evermann, 1896).
;
diplotaenia:
Name from the Greek
diploos
, meaning 'twofold', and feminine noun
tainia
for ribbon, referring to the two prominent dark stripes on the body of juveniles and initial phase adults (Ref.
75973
)
.
More on author:
Gill
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 5 - 76 m (Ref.
9311
), usually 5 - 18 m (Ref.
9311
). Subtropical; 32°N -
Eastern Pacific: Guadalupe Island and throughout the Gulf of California to Chile, including the Cocos, Malpelo, Revillagigedo and the Galapagos islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5592
); common length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
55763
); max. published weight: 9.0 kg (Ref.
5592
)
Body moderately deep and compressed; head large and pointed; teeth caniniform, enlarged, and somewhat crooked, two anterior pairs in each jaw; dorsal fin with 12 spines; posterior rays of anal and dorsal fins forming filamentous lobes; lower branch of first gill arch with 12 to 13 gill rakers; very large individuals blue, with a narrow, yellow, vertical bar immediately behind the posterior edge of the pectoral fin, juveniles red or reddish brown; females with 2 longitudinal black stripes (Ref.
55763
).
Adults inhabit rocky or coral areas (Ref.
9311
). Sometimes also found on sandy bottoms and where marine plants abound (Ref.
9311
). Solitary or forms aggregations of only a few individuals. Feed on crabs, brittle stars, mollusks, and sea urchins (Ref.
9311
). At night, they agglomerate in cracks and crevices of rocks and caves to sleep (Ref.
9311
). Marketed fresh (Ref.
9311
). Starts life as a female, later becoming a functional male. Males defend temporary reproductive territories called leks. Sex change may be due to local social conditions, but it may also have a genetic component, since the reversal occurs over a limited size range (Ref.
28023
). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
).
Thomson, D.A.
, 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref.
5592
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 20.6 - 28.9, mean 26.2 °C (based on 286 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00551 - 0.02625), b=3.05 (2.87 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 18.5 [9.0, 35.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.479 [0.265, 0.904] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [16.4, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.189 [0.109, 0.326] g/100g; Selenium = 19.3 [9.6, 36.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.1 [13.7, 174.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.775 [0.531, 1.280] mg/100g (wet weight);
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