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dorsal fin has 96-104 rays anal fin has 74-81 rays
body: blue circles; ll: ~3 dark blotches
underside - opercle spotted, rear dark
male: long dark pectoral
Dorsal rays 96-104; anal rays 74-81; pectoral rays 10-13; body ovate, its depth about 2.0 in standard length; lateral-line scales 85-90; lateral line strongly arched above pectoral fin; sexual differences develop at about 23-25 cm, characterized by the male having a very elongate pectoral fin on eyed side, tentacles on eyes; space between eyes much wider than eye, and spines on snout and above eye.
Brown with numerous variable-sized white to pale blue spots, some forming small partial circles; also scattered dark brown spots present; 3 dark blotches along lateral line; blind side white, with small brown spots on operculum and rear 1/3 of body grey.
Size: reaches 42 cm.
Habitat: sand and rubble bottoms but also on rock and coral.
Depth: 0-150 m.
Widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific; Panama, the mouth of the Gulf of California; the Revillagigedos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo and the Galapagos.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 150 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=24; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-79; Latitudinal range=26; Longitudinal range=36. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated. Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species. Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Sand & gravel; Rocks; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef and soft bottom. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 42 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
Broussonet, P.M.A., 1782., Ichthyologia, sistens piscium descriptiones et icones. Decas I., London:49.
Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
Fukui, A., 1997., Early ontogeny and systematics of Bothidae, Pleuronectoidei., Bull. Mar. Sci., 60:192-212.
Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
Ricker, K.E., 1959., Fishes collected from the Revillagigedo Islands during the 1954-1958 cruises of the "Marijean."., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 4:10pp.
Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
Indo-Pacific: in tropical waters, from South Africa to Hawaii and Easter Island, north to southern Japan and south to Lord Howe Island. Eastern Pacific: Revillagigedo, Clipperton and Cocos islands (Ref.
9281
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm NG male/unsexed; (Ref.
89467
); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref.
89467
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 96-104;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 74 - 81. Eyed side with dark margined light colored spots and numerous scattered small dark spots; normally with 3 dark blotches or spots on lateral line; dorsal and anal fins with longitudinal row of widely-spaced dark spots; pectorals of the eyed side with dark crossbars (Ref.
4417
).
Inhabit sandy bottoms of coastal coral reefs (Ref.
5213
,
48637
), generally in shallow water (Ref.
9281
). Benthic (Ref.
58302
). Hunt mostly at night, but also active during the day. Often crawling over low rocky reef (Ref.
48637
). Occasionally rest on bare rock (Ref.
1602
). Feed on fishes, crabs and shrimps. Collected by divers (Ref.
9824
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.8 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1590 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00426 - 0.02347), b=3.07 (2.89 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 37.4 [14.6, 68.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.2, 0.9] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.0885 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 41.6 [20.7, 91.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 83.6 [21.4, 339.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.436, 1.016] mg/100g (wet weight);
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