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Kaiwarinus equula, Whitefin trevally : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish
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Kaiwarinus equula
Picture by
Randall, J.E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology:
Kaiwarinus:
French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Temminck
&
Schlegel
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 60 - 226 m (Ref.
89467
). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: Gulf of Oman, East Africa, southern Japan, Hawaii, the Arafura Sea (Ref.
9819
), Australia, New Zealand, and Easter Island. Southeast Atlantic: southeast coast of South Africa (Ref.
3197
). Also reported from the northern Red Sea (Refs. 13277, 58021).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
89467
); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9137
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 23-25;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 21 - 24. Bluish grey to green above, silvery white below; soft dorsal and anal fins with submarginal brownish band, fin lobes white distally (Ref.
3197
). LL with 22-23 scutes.
Adults are found on the continental shelf and slope (Ref.
30573
). Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Utilized as a food fish (Ref.
3287
). Cultured and released for fishery in Japan. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley
, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref.
7300
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
06 March 2015
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.4 - 24.4, mean 20.6 °C (based on 136 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.01077 - 0.02679), b=2.94 (2.81 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 31.1 [20.1, 64.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.57, 2.37] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.5, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.194 [0.116, 0.344] g/100g; Selenium = 12.7 [6.2, 25.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.2 [9.8, 299.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.688 [0.382, 1.531] mg/100g (wet weight);
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