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Overview |
Main identification features
- elongate;snout long, pointed
- 1st dorsal fin low, blunt;no crest between ds
- 2nd dorsal fin : orgin over mid anal fin base
- pectoral: short, slightly curved
A slender shark; snout moderately long and pointed; eyes circular and large; no ridge between dorsal fins; origin of first dorsal fin over rear margin of pectoral fins; first dorsal fin low with bluntly pointed tip; origin of second dorsal fin over or slightly behind middle of anal fin; pectoral fins small, curved with narrowly rounded to pointed tips.
Generally grey on back and sides, white on lower parts; tips of pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins may be dusky or blackish, but are not prominently marked.
Grows to 150 cm; size at birth 31-40 cm.
Habitat: an inshore shark over mud bottoms, often into shallow estuaries.
Depth: 5-35 m.
Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific (Gulf of California to Peru).
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 35 m.
Depth Range Min: 5 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; sharks/rays.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=-12; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-76; Latitudinal range=44; Longitudinal range=39.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: New world (East Pacific + West Atlantic); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column; Estuary; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove).
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 150 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Continent only; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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References |
- Bellido-Millán, J.M. and Villavicencio-Garayzar, C.J., 2002., Pesqueria artesanal de tiburon en la region central del Golfo de California. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:143-152.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1984., Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Species Catalogue., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 4(2):251-655.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Ranzani,., 1840., De novis speciebus piscium. Dissertatio prima., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon., 4:65-83.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Carcharhinus&speciesname=porosus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Carcharhinus&speciesname=porosus
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Carcharhinus&speciesname=porosus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Carcharhinus&speciesname=porosus
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Carcharhinus&speciesname=porosus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Carcharhinus-porosus.html
Carcharhinus porosus, Smalltail shark : fisheries
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Carcharhinus porosus
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes
(Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae
(Requiem sharks)
Etymology:
Carcharhinus:
karcharos
(Gr.), sharp or jagged;
rhinus
, an ancient name for sharks, from
rhine
(Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (
See ETYFish
)
;
porosus:
Latin for pored or full of holes, probably referring to large and conspicuous pores behind eye. (
See ETYFish
)
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 36 m (Ref.
9253
), usually 16 - 32 m (Ref.
96339
). Subtropical; 33°N - 36°S, 116°W - 33°W (Ref.
55189
)
Western Atlantic: upper Gulf of Mexico, to southern Brazil; recorded from Uruguay (Ref.
58839
). Specimens of
porosus
from Borneo, Viet Nam and Thailand may represent an undescribed small species of
Carcharhinus
.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
70.0
range ? - 84 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
244
); common length : 90.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9253
)
This species is a smooth-backed (lacking an interdorsal ridge) shark, with a low first dorsal fin originating over or behind the pectoral fin free rear tip. Adults' first dorsal fin anterior margin (from the origin of the fin to its apex) is as long as the distance from the apex to the free rear tip, so that apex makes an equilateral triangle with its origin and free rear tip; height of the first dorsal fin is about 8-9% of the total length. The second dorsal fin originates over the midpoint of the anal fin base. The caudal fin measures about one fourth of the total length. A series of conspicuous pores (hyomandibular pores) are located behind the eye. The upper teeth have long triangular cusps that become increasingly oblique towards the corners of the mouth, these have a weak notch or lack a notch on their medial edges, and a strong notch on the outer edges. Edges of the first four teeth have coarse serrations from the bases up to the notch and finer serrations from the notch to the tip and these coarse serrations disappear by the fifth or sixth tooth. Subsequent teeth have inner edges with uniform fine serrations from base to tip. The five or six outermost upper teeth have strongly oblique cusps with nearly straight inner margins and a strong notch on the outer margin while the lower teeth are erect and have cusps with a few coarse serrations at their bases and finer serrations towards the tips. Teeth number U:14-1-14; L:13-13. Dermal denticles are characteristic with a central strong ridge terminating in a long point, and two shorter ridges on wing-like sides; dorsal surface of the denticles has a coarse microsculpture. Body color gray above and dirty white below, unmarked fins (Ref.
86285
).
Found in the continental shelves, preferably over muddy bottoms, and especially in estuaries. Feeds mainly on small fishes including young hammerhead and sharpnose sharks, and shrimps. Viviparous, with 2 to 7 young in a litter. Size at birth between 31 and 40 cm. Utilized fresh for human consumption and processed for fishmeal, and liver extracted for oil.
Viviparous, placental (Ref.
50449
). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref.
205
).
Compagno, L.J.V.
, 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
244
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Critically Endangered (CR)
(A2d); Date assessed:
21 June 2019
CITES
Appendix II:
International trade monitored
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 22.5 - 27.9, mean 25.5 °C (based on 206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00179 - 0.00584), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 14.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.08; tm=6; tmax=12; assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
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