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Sugarberry is a common large overstory tree of bottomland forests, but also occurs in drier areas over calcareous rock (with relatively high pH soil).
The similar
Common Hackberry
(C. occidentalis)
and
Dwarf Hackberry
(C. tenuifolia)
also occur in North Carolina, but are less common. These have broader, coarsely toothed leaves that are usually sandpapery above. The leaf bases of the other species are often cordate, while those of
C. laevigata
are usually cuneate or rounded. Intermediate trees, which may be hybrids, are not rare, which may explain why these species were formerly lumped as varieties of
C. occidentalis
.
Granville Co., NC 4/26/09.
The leaves are normally easily identified by their elongate, almost triangular shape with uneven bases with three prominent veins and usually few teeth.
Chapel Hill, NC 5/2/09.
The branching pattern is distinctive.
Chapel Hill, NC 5/2/09.
This individual could be a hybrid. Its leaves were smooth above, but appear intermediate between
C. laevigata
and
C. occidentalis
.
Caswell Co., NC 5/21/10.
More typical
C. laevigata
leaves, covered with galls as they often are.
Caswell Co., NC 5/21/10.
Same leaves from above.
Caswell Co., NC 5/21/10.
Ripening fruits. The fruits are drupes, with a large seed encased in a hardened endocarp and surrounded by fleshy mesocarp.
Ripe fruits (technically drupes) are deep reddish-purplish.
Durham Co., NC 12/6/08.
The fruits are edible and sweetish — the taste is similar to that of dates — but the stone is large and covered by only a thin layer of flesh. The fruits are greatly enjoyed by birds.
Durham Co., NC 12/6/08.
The bark is usually extremely warty.
Bark detail.
Bark of a medium-sized tree. An extreme example of wartiness!
Orange Co., NC 3/9/08.
Large tree in spring.
Sugarberry is one of the earlier tree species to leaf out.
Durham Co., NC 4/13/2003.
Large tree in winter (same tree as in photo above).
Deciduous tree to 60 feet, leaves alternate, elliptical to elongate, with a tapering, pointed apex and teeth along the margins; flowers tiny, nondescript in March to April as the leaves unfold; fruits tiny cherry-like drupes orange-red to blue-black; bark with warty outgrowths.
Ornamental Characteristics
Attractive warty gray bark, attractive, fine to medium textured foliage.
Landscape Use
Excellent street tree, tolerates city conditions, good shade tree. Very tough, tolerant of moderate salt spray, tolerates poor, wet soils and periodic salt water flooding on roots.
Horticultural Cultivars
Commercial cultivars include 'All Seasons' and 'Magnifica', there is a need for selection of good cultivars for coastal areas.
Availability/Propagation
Not often seen in nurseries, dig from wild (with permission), collect fruits from a desirable coastal parent tree, stratify (place in moist peat moss in the refrigerator) for 60 to 90 days, then plant outdoors.
Culture
Full sun, moist soils.
Coastal Ecology
Sugarberry is found growing in both wet and dry coastal habitats. It can be found growing at the edge of salt water marshes and fresh water wetlands. Excellent source of food for wildlife.
Netleaf hackberry is mostly found in central and north central Texas with isolated populations elsewhere in the state. It is a small tree that can stand severe droughts, low fertility, and wide temperature ranges. Its leaves are thicker than other hackberries, with conspicuous netlike veins on the lower surface; the upper surface feels like sandpaper. It is strongly tolerant of the cotton root rot fungus and fairly resistant to disease and insects.
Number of matches
: 1
Query:
SELECT * FROM img WHERE ready=1 and taxon like "Celtis laevigata var. reticulata%" and (lifeform != "specimen_tag" OR lifeform != "Plant") ORDER BY taxon
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