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Ceratina hurdi Daly, 1973
Life   Insecta   Hymenoptera   Apoidea   Apidae   Ceratina
Subgenus: Zadontomerus

Ceratina hurdi, malemetafemoraandmetatrochanters
© Daly, 1973 · 1
Ceratina hurdi, malemetafemoraandmetatrochanters

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Ceratina hurdi, male, sixthmetasomalandapicalplates
© Daly, 1973 · 1
Ceratina hurdi, male, sixthmetasomalandapicalplates
Overview
Reprinted with permission from: Daly, Howell. 1973. Bees of the Genus Ceratina in America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) University of California Publications in Entomology Volume 74:1-113. The Regents of the University of California. Published by the University of California Press.

Ceratina hurdi Daly, new species

Allotype female.—Measurements and ratios: wing, 4.3 mm; hamuli, 5—6; eye, 100:110:110: 105; clypeus, 60 x 100:30:80; interocellar, 25:45:25:50, diameter 15.0; frontal earina, 60; malar area 0x45; interalveolar, 35:20:45:50, diameter 15; antenna, 45:12:12:8:8:8, 13; subpleural signum, 20 x 2.5.

Structure: Head rounded in cephalic view; eyes slightly convergent below, narrowly rounded above, subtruncate at malar area; frontal carina simple, poorly defined between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; circumantennal area shallowly depressed; alveolocellar area gently convex; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by preoccipital ridge without earina; gena unmodified; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of low uniform height, terminating anteriorly without a tooth, when viewed ventrally angle between median and lateral portions about 1200. Pronotum with transverse carina basal in position and distinct only medially; dorsolateral angle rounded, not carinate; lateral carina distinct but terminated beneath dorsolateral angle; pronotal pit sulciform; scutum with caudal end of admedian line and cephalic end of parapsidal line overlapping on imaginary transverse line; notauli poorly defined caudad: metapleural line carinate; lateral procoxal angle narrowly rounded; protibia and mesotibia with simple, single dorsoapical spines; basitibial plate spiniform, its elevated apex at basal 0.28 of tibial length. Metasoma widest at segments 3—4; terga 2—5 constricted at distinct graduli, each less constricted caudad; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond and below spiracle at a distance of 2.5 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 with median central area depressed, giving smoothly notched lateral profile; gradulus of sternum 2 arcuate, gradulus of sternum 3 slightly arcuate; wax glands half-moon shaped.

Sculpture and vestiture: Head shiny between punctures, largely impunctate on clypeal disc, lower supraclypeal area, lowest paraocular area, subantennal area, convex portion of alveolocellar area and in narrow band behind eye; sparsely punctured on mandible base and gena; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures often more than a puncture width apart and with largely simple setae; punctures closer in interalveolar, supraorbital, and paraocular areas and vertex; sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex, labral disc, and apically on mandible. Sides of pronotum finely punctured about a puncture width apart or less, impunctate area behind pronotal pit; scutal disc shiny, virtually impunctate except sparsely along lines, fine punctures marginally and as close as a puncture width apart laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc sparsely punctate, fine punctures becoming closer to about a puncture width apart or less laterally and posteriorly; metanotum finely punctured throughout, less than a puncture width apart; mesopleuron with medium punctures about a puncture width apart or slightly more laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, setae narrowly plumose, becoming longer posteroventrally; hypoepimeral area closely punctate above, impunctate just above scrobe; metapleuron finely punctured, usually less than a puncture width apart; small impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle reticulate rugose, longitudinal carinulae distinct; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming closer and smaller laterad, with long erect, narrowly plumose setae. Loose scopa of mostly three-branched setae on outer surface of tibia. Metasomal tergum 1 finely punctured on dorsal surface more than a puncture width apart, virtually impunctate on anterior surface; terga 2—5 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures of two types: very minute and fine, the latter on discs of more anterior terga, becoming denser to about a puncture width apart laterally and apically, each with a short appressed simple seta; ground shiny, but subapically minutely roughened on terga 4; tergum 5 finely and sparsely papillate; tergum 6 finely punctured about a puncture width apart, ground uneven with papillae; but not becoming rugulose, central depression obscure; setae short, simple, central area punctured and with setae. Sterna finely punctured, more than a puncture width apart; setae narrowly plumose, fine, suberect, dense at apex of abdomen; setae of wax glands appressed.

Color: Head and thorax metallic very dark greenish-blue (ISCC-NBS 175) with minor yellowish reflections; cuticle of abdomen fusco-rufous with metallic dark greenish-blue reflections (No. 174); metallic colors lacking on labrum, mandibles, mesoscutal disc, and wax glands. Ivory marks: broad oblong on clypeus, extending almost full length; spots at bases of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae fuscous, lighter beneath; legs proximally fuscous, femora and tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically testaceous; wing membrane hyaline, venation and tegula testaceous. Body setae pale flavescent.

Holotype male.—Measurements and ratios: wing, 3.9 mm; hamuli, 5; eye, 100:105:90:80; clypeus, 50 x 75:20:65; interocellar, 20:30:20:40, diameter 17.0; frontal carina, 60; malar area 0 x 35; interalveolar, 20:12:30:40, 0 15; antenna 35:13:12:9:7:10, diameter 15; subpleural signum, 12.5 x 2.5.

Structure: Head rounded in cephalic view; eyes convergent below, narrowly rounded above, broadly rounded at malar area; frontal earina simple, distinct between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; circumantennal area shallowly depressed; alveolocellar area gently convex; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by a sharp preoccipital ridge without elevated carina; gena unmodified; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of low uniform height, terminating anteriorly without a tooth, when viewed ventrally- lateral portion arcuate. Pronotum with transverse earina basal in position and distinct only medially; dorsolateral angle; pronotal pit circular; scutum with caudal end of admedian line and cephalic end of parapsidal line overlapping on imaginary transverse line; notauli poorly defined caudad; metapleural line carinate; lateral procoxal angle narrowly rounded; protibia and mesotibia with simple, single dorsoapical spines; ventral profile of metatrochanter angulate, apical anteroventral facet partly developed, fine sparse setae; width of metafemur at tooth 0.5 length, tooth rounded, obtuse 120° angle, basal anteroventral facet broad, distinct, with fine, sparse setae on nearly fiat surface, ventral edge with long, narrowly plumose setae (resembles fig. 30a). Metasoma widest at segment 4; terga 2—5 constricted at distinct graduli, each less constricted subapically; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond and below spiracle at a distance of 2.5 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 with slight median subapical protuberance surmounted by setae; dorsal view of apical plate width 2.5 times length, broadly rounded; sternum 6 with two median teeth (resembles fig. 13d). Genitalia presumed to be similar to fig. 28c.

Sculpture and vestiture: Head shiny between punctures, largely impunctate on clypeal disc, lowest parocular area, subantennal area, most of convex portion of alveolocellar area and in narrow band behind eye; moderately punctures on mandible base with minute and fine punctures; gena with fine punctures about a puncture width apart; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures about a puncture width apart and with largely simple setae; punctures closer in interalveolar area, sparser in supraorbital area; sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex, labral disc and posteriorly on mandible. Sides of pronotum finely and contiguously punctured, impunctate area above pronotal pit exending to beneath dorsolateral angle; scutal disc shiny, virtually impunctate except moderately along lines, fine punctures marginally and contiguous laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc moderately punctate, fine punctures becoming contiguous laterally and posteriorly; metanotum finely and contiguously punctured throughout; mesopleuron with medium punctures about a puncture width apart laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, long plumose setae; hypoepimeral area impunctate in lower half; metapleuron finely punctured, usually less than a puncture width apart; small impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle reticulate rugulose, longitudinal carinulae distinct even laterally; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming contiguous and smaller laterad, with erect, plumose setae. Metasomal tergum 1 finely punctured on dorsal surface about a puncture width apart, virtually impunctate on anterior surface; terga 2—6 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures fine and uniformly about a puncture width apart, each with a short appressed simple seta; ground shiny, but minutely roughened on terga 5—6; tergum 7 finely and sparsely punctured with shiny ground, apical plate above with long, plumose hairs extending beyond plate. Sterna 1—5 finely punctured, more than a puncture width apart; setae fine, suberect, narrowly plumose, longer subapically on each sternum.

Color: Head and thorax metallic very dark yellowish green (ISCO-NBS 138) with minor yellowish reflections; abdomen similar but cuticle beneath metallic reflections dark fusco-rufous; metallic colors lacking on mandibles which are dark fusco-rufous. Ivory marks: broad hat-shaped on clypeus, extending full length and width; triangular spot on labral disc; spots at bases of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae fuscous, lighter beneath; legs proximally fuscous, femora and tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically testaceous; wing membrane hyaline, venation and tegula testaceous. Body setae nearly white.

Holotype compared with illustrations of other specimens: metafemur and metatrochanter (fig. 3Oa), sternum 6 and apical plate (fig. 13d); genitalia not dissected from holotype, but illustrated from another specimen (fig. 28c).

Type specimens.—Holotype male, Chalone Creek Campground, Pinnacles National Monument, San Benito County, California, 21 March 1965, Howell V. Daly; allotype female, same locality, date, and collector as holotype, collected in same nest (dry stem of Rubus sp.) as holotype. Paratypes: 1 male, IV-24-48, Pinnacles N.M., San Benito Co., Cal. (P.D. Hard), 7 males same date and place (J. W. MacSwain); 1 , 5-22-3 8, Hastings Nat. Hist. Reservation, Santa Lucia Mts., Jamesburg, Monterey Co., Calif. (1900—2700 ft) (Michener).

Holotype and allotype deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. Paratypes in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; California Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley; University of Kansas, Lawrence.

This species has been named in honor of Paul D. Hurd, Jr. who provided much encouragement and advice to the author in this systematic study.

Ceratina hurdi is a distinctive phenetic segregate which occurs syntopically at two locations with C. nanula in the central coast range of California. The males are distinguished by the possession of a conspicuous, broad apical plate, more than twice wider than long, on the seventh metasomal tergum (narrower and inconspicuous in C. nanula) and a ventral tooth on the metafemur which has a broad, basal anteroventral facet (without a broad basal facet in C. nanula). Individual males of C. nanula elsewhere sometimes exhibit a tendency to form a facet on the femoral tooth, but the facet is not as distinct as in C. hurdi and their apical plates are narrow. Females from nests with C. hurdi males have been compared with females from adjacent nests with C. nanula males as follows: C. hurdi with mesopleural punctures slightly smaller and frequently more than a puncture’s width apart (slightly larger and about a puncture’s width apart in C. nanula); a broad or reduced clypeal maculation (reduced or absent entirely in syntopic C. nanula) ; bluish body color (greenish in C. nanula); and surface of sixth metasomal tergum with a relatively smoother appearance, lacking distinct, median rugulae (more roughened and rugulose in C. nanula). Elsewhere C. nanula females may possibly resemble C. hurdi in these characters and therefore identification without clearly associated males is not possible at this time.

Nests were found in dead stems among tangles of Rubus sp. along Chalone Creek (fig. 31). Also nesting in Rubus sp. at the same time were C. nawu2a, C. arizonensis, C. sequoia, and C. timberlakei. The egg is placed at the very rear of the pollen loaf. The loaves are similar to those of C. nanula, but the examples observed are relatively longer and become thinner posteriorly (fig. 31c).


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