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Reprinted with permission from: Daly, H. V. 1973. Bees of the genus Ceratina in America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 74: 1-114. The Regents of the University of California. Published by the University of California Press.
Ceratina nanula Cockerell, 1897
Female.—Measurements and ratios: wing, 3.8 mm; hamuli, 5; eye, 87:107:105:105; clypeus, 47 × 95:27:77; interocellar, 22:40:30:55, Ø 15.0; frontal carina, 50; malar area, 0 × 45; inter- alveolar, 26:25:40:47, Ø 15; antenna, 45:15:10:6:6:7, Ø 12; subpleural signum, 12.5 x 2.5. (New México, Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces, “Ckll 3031;” Timberlake Collection)
Structure: Head rounded in cephalic view; eyes parallel, narrowly rounded above, subtruncate malar area; frontal carina simple, poorly defined between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by preoccipital ridge without carina; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of law uniform height, terminating anteriorly without a tooth, when viewed ventrally angle between median and lateral portions about 120°. Basitibial plate spiniform, its elevated apex at basal 0.25 of tibial length. Metasoma widest at segments 3—4; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond and below spiracle at a distance of 2.0 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 with median central area depressed, giving notched lateral profile; gradulus of sternum 2 arcuate, gradulus of sternum 3 slightly arcuate.
Sculpture and vestiture: Head shiny between punctures, largely impunctate on clypeal disc, lower supraclypeal area, lowest paraocular area, subantennal area, convex portion of alveolocellar area and in narrow band behind eye; sparsely punctured on mandible base and gena; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures often more than a puncture width apart and with largely simple setae; punctures closer in interalveolar, supraorbital, and paraocular areas and vertex; sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex, labral disc, and apically on mandible. Sides of pronotum finely punctured about a puncture width apart or less, impunctate area before pronotal pit; scutal disc shiny, virtually impunctate except sparsely along lines, fine punctures marginally and as close as a puncture width apart laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc sparsely punctate, fine punctures becoming closer and almost contiguous laterally and posteriorly; metanotum finely punctured throughout, less than a puncture width apart; mesopleuron with medium punctures generally less than a puncture width apart laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, setae narrowly plumose, becoming longer posteroventrally; hypoepimeral area sparsely punctate in lower half; metapleuron finely punctured, usually less than a puncture width apart; small impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle reticulate rugose, longitudinal carinulae distinct only mediad; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming closer and smaller laterad, with long erect, narrowly pin- nose setae. Metasomal tergum I finely punctured on dorsal surface about a puncture width apart, virtually impunctate on anterior surface; terga 2—5 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures of two types: very minute and fine, the latter on discs of more anterior terga, becoming denser to about a puncture width apart laterally and apically, each with a short appressed simple seta; ground shiny, but subapically minutely roughened on terga 2—4; tergum 3 finely and sparsely papillate; tergum 6 finely punctured about a puncture of more anterior terga, becoming denser to about a puncture width apart laterally and apically papillae especially prominent above central depression; setae short, simple, except central area which is punctured but free of papillae and setae. Sterna finely punctured, more than a puncture width apart; setae simple, fine, suberect, dense at apex of abdomen; setae of wax glands appressed.
Color: Head and thorax metallic dark olive (ISCC-NES 108) with minor yellowish reflections; abdomen metallic dark blue (No. 183) ; metallic colors lacking on labrum, mandibles, mesocutal disc, and wax glands. Ivory marks: broad amygdaliform on clypeus, extending almost full length; spots at bases of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae fuscous, lighter beneath; legs proximally fuscous, femora and tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically testaceous; wing membrane hyaline, venation and tegula testaceous. Body setae pale flavescent.
Male.—Measurements and ratios: wing, 8.6 mm hamuli, 5—6; eye, 95:105:90:80; clypeus, 50 × 80:20:65; interocellar, 25:30:20:45, Ø 16; frontal carina, 45; malar area, 0 × 35; interalveolar, 25:15:35:40, Ø 15; antenna, 35:15:11:7:7:10, Ø 15; subpleural signum, 11 × 2.5. (Pearce, 30 mi. E., Cochise County, Arizona; University of Arizona).
Structure: Read rounded in cephalic view; eyes convergent below, rounded above, broadly rounded at malar area; frontal carina simple, distinct between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by a sharp preoccipital ridge without elevated carina; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of low uniform height, terminating anteriorly without a tooth, when viewed ventrally lateral portion arcuate. Ventral profile of metatrochanter right-angled; width of metafemur at tooth 0.5 length, tooth narrowly rounded at apex, obtuse, 115° angle, facet absent, basal anteroventral surface polished, rounded, ventral edge near apex of tooth with long, distally curling, narrowly plumose setae (resembles fig. 22k, Portal, Arizona). Metasoma widest at segments 3—4; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond spiracle at a distance of 2.0 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 without median subapical protuberance; dorsal view of apical plate width equals length, narrowly rounded; sternum 6 with two median teeth (resembles fig. 13a). Genitalia presumed to be similar to fig. 28a).
Sculpture and vestiture: Head shiny between punctures, largely impunctate on clypeal disc, subantennal area, most of convex portion of alveolocellar area and in narrow band behind eye; moderately punctured on mandible base with minute and fine punctures; gena with medium punctures about a puncture width apart or more; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures about a puncture width apart or more and with largely simple setae; punctures closer in interalveolar area, sparser in ocellorbital area; sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex, and posteriorly on mandible. Sides of pronotum finely punctured about a puncture width apart, impunctate area above pronotal pit extending to beneath dorsolateral angle; scutal disc shiny, virtually impunctate except moderately along lines, line punctures marginally and about a puncture width apart or less laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc moderately punctate, fine punctures becoming less than a puncture width apart laterally and posteriorly; metanotum finely and almost contiguously punctured throughout; mesopleuron with medium punctures about a puncture width apart or less laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, medium plumose setae; hypoepimeral area impunctate above scrobe; metapleuron finely punctured, usually less than a puncture width apart; small impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle reticulate rugulose, longitudinal carinulae becoming indistinct laterally; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming contiguous and smaller laterad, with erect, plumose setae. Metasomal tergum I virtually impunctate on dorsal and anterior surfaces; terga 2—6 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures sparse on discs, line and irregularly about a puncture width apart else- where, each with a short appressed simple seta; ground shiny, but minutely roughened on terga 5-4; tergum 7 finely punctured about a puncture Width apart with shiny ground, apical plate above with long, plumose hairs extending beyond plate. Sterna 1—5 finely punctured, about & puncture width apart; setae fine, suberect, narrowly plumose, longer subapically on each sternum.
Color: Head and thorax metallic very dark greenish-blue (TSCC-NBS 175) with minor light greenish reflections; abdomen similar but cuticle beneath metallic reflections almost black; metallic colors lacking on mandibles which are black. Ivory marks: broad hat-shaped on clypeus, extending full length and width; rectangular spot on labral disc; spots at bases of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae dark fuscous, lighter beneath; legs proximally nearly black, femora arid tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically dark testaceous; wing membrane hyaline, venation and tegula dark testaceous. Body setae nearly white.
Male compared with illustrations of other specimens: metafemur and metatrochanter (fig.
22k, Portal, Arizona), sternum 6 and apical plate (fig. 13a); genitalia not dissected, but
illustrated from another specimen (fig. 28a).
The phenetic segregates assigned here to Ceratina nanula have not been satisfactorily analyzed because the associations of males and females from throughout the range (fig. 21) are lacking. Females are most closely similar and may be recognized by their smaller size; blue, blue-green or greenish color; clypeal mark present, reduced, or absent; ivory pronotal lobes and a spot, not a stripe, on the protibia; mesopleural punctures medium-sized and about a puncture width apart (fig. Sc); sixth metasomal tergum minutely roughened, papillate, or dull with a central pit and resembling broken bronze metal; and sixth tergum notched in lateral profile. The males are characterized by similar size, body coloration, and punctation; ivory pronotal lobes and a spot, not a stripe, on the protibia; broad, hat-shaped clypeal mark and a labral spot; ventral profile of metatrochanter right-angled; femoral tooth well developed, width of femur at the tooth about half the length; apex of the tooth rounded, with an apical tuft of distally curling setae; basal anteroventral facet lacking or partially developed (fig. 22a—i); apical plate of the seventh metasomal tergum inconspicuous, narrowly rounded, and with the width little more than the length; and the sixth sternum with two median teeth and well-developed apicolateral lobes (fig. 13a).
In western North America, C. nanula may be confused with C. acantha which is darker in color, with dark pronotal lobes, sparse mesopleural punctation, and the male has a much larger femoral tooth. C. apacheorum, C. hurdi, and C. shinnersi are closely related and their distinguishing features are discussed in their respective treatments.
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