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Reprinted with permission from: Daly, H. V. 1973. Bees of the genus Ceratina in America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 74: 1-114. The Regents of the University of California. Published by the University of California Press.
Ceratina timberlackei Daly, new species
Allotype female.—Measurements and ratios: wing, 5.6 mm; hamuli, 5—6; eye, 120:165:160:175; clypeus, 60 × 165:40:100; interocellar, 20:60:45:75, Ø 20.0; frontal carina, 60; malar area, 0 × 70; interalveolar, 40:40:50:65, Ø 20; antenna, 65:20:15:10:10:12, Ø15; subpleural signum, 20 × 3.8.
Structure: Head subquadrate in cephalic view; eyes slightly divergent below, narrowly rounded above, subtruncate at malar area; frontal carina simple, faint between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; circumantennal area shallowly depressed; alveolocellar area very slightly convex; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by preoccipital ridge without carina; gena unmodified; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of slightly increasing height, terminating anteriorly in a tooth, when viewed ventrally angle between median and lateral portions about 120°. Pronotum with transverse carina basal in position and distinct only medially; dorsolateral angle rounded, not carinate; lateral carina distinct but terminated beneath dorsolateral angle; pronotal pit sulciform; scutum with all lines obscure, caudal end of admedian line and cephalic end of parapsidal line barely touching an imaginary transverse line; notauli poorly defined caudad; metapleural line carinate; lateral procoxal angle narrowly rounded; protibia and mesotibia with simple, single dorsoapical spines; basitibial plate spiniform, its elevated apex at basal 0.81 of tibial length. Metasoma widest at segment 4; terga 2—5 deeply constricted at distinct graduli, each less constricted subapically; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond and below spiracle at a distance of £0 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 with median central area flat, gradulus of sternum 2 arcuate, gradulus of sternum 3 slightly arcuate; wax glands half-moon shaped.
Sculpture and vestiture: Head highly polished, largely impunctate throughout; very sparsely and minutely punctured on mandible base and gena; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures about a puncture width apart in sparse clusters on interalveolar, supraorbital and paraocular areas, vertex and postgena; very sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex and apically on mandible; moderately dense setae on labral disc. Sides of pronotum finely punctured about a puncture width apart or less, impunctate area above pronotal pit; scutal disc polished, impunctate except sparsely along lines, fine punctures marginally and as close as a puncture width apart laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc virtually impunctate, fine punctures becoming closer and less than a puncture width apart laterally and posteriorly; metanotum finely punctured throughout, about a puncture width apart; mesopleuron with medium punctures generally less than a puncture width apart laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, setae narrowly plumose, becoming longer posteroventrally; hypoepimeral area impunctate in lower half; metapleuron finely punctured, usually about a puncture width apart; large impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle obscurely reticulate rugose, longitudinal carinulae perceptible, but low; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming closer and smaller laterad, with long erect plumose setae. Moderately dense scopa of mostly four-branched setae on outer surface of tibia. Metasomal tergum 1 finely punctured on dorsal surface two or more puncture widths apart, virtually impunctate on anterior surface; terga 2-5 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures of two types: very minute and fine, the latter deep and several puncture widths apart on discs of more anterior terga, becoming denser to about a puncture width apart laterally and apically, largely without setae; ground polished but subapically minutely roughened an terga 2—4; tergum 5 finely and minutely roughened; tergum 6 finely punctured about a puncture width apart, ground minutely roughened, but without papillae or rugulae; setae very short, simple, except central area which is punctured but largely free of setae. Sterna finely punctured, about a puncture width apart; setae simple, fine, suberect, dense at apex of abdomen; setae of wax glands appressed.
Color: Head and thorax metallic very dark greenish blue (ISCC-NBS 175) with minor yellowish-green reflections, abdomen similar but cuticle beneath metallic reflections very dark fuscous; metallic colors lacking on labrum, mandibles, mesoscutal disc, and wax glands. Ivory marks: broad oblong on clypeus, extending almost full length; spots at bases of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae fuscous, lighter beneath; legs proximally fuscous, femora and tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically testaceous; wing membrane testaceous, venation and tegula dark testaceous. Body setae pale flavescent.
Holotype male—Measurements and ratios: wing, 4.2 mm; hamuli, 5; eye, 100:110:90:85;
clypeus, 50 × 85:30:75; interoeellar, 20:30:20:40, Ø 15.0; frontal carina, 50; maiar area, 0 × 85; interalveolar, 25:15:35:40, Ø 15; antenna, 30:15:11:7:10:15, Ø 15; suhpleural signum, 15 × 2.5.
Structure: Head rounded in cephalic view; eyes convergent below, narrowly rounded above, broadly rounded at malar area; frontal carina simple, distinct between alveolae, sulciform beneath median ocellus; circumantennal area shallowly depressed; alveolocellar area gently convex; vertex and supraorbital area limited posteriorly by preoccipital ridge with an elevated carina; gena unmodified; median portion of hypostomal carina when viewed laterally of low uniform height, terminating anteriorly without a tooth, when viewed ventrally lateral portion arcuate. Pronotum with transverse carina basal in position and distinct only medially; dorsolateral angle rounded, not carinate; lateral carina distinct but terminated beneath dorsolateral angle; pronotal pit circular; scutum with all lines obscure, caudal end of admedian line and cephalic end of parapsidal line overlapping on imaginary transverse line; notauli poorly defined caudad; metapleural line carinate; lateral procoxal angle narrowly rounded; protibia and mesotibia with simple, single dorsoapical spines; ventral profile of metatrochanter right-angled, apical anteroventral facet obscure, polished; width of metafemur at tooth 0.5 length, tooth sharp, acute 85° angle, basal ventral facet broad, distinct, polished concave surface, ventral edge with medium, moderately dense setae (resembles fig. 10i). Metasoma widest at segments 3—4; terga 2—S constricted at distinct graduli, each less constricted caudad; gradulus of tergum 4 terminating laterally beyond and below spiracle at a distance of 1.3 spiracle lengths; tergum 6 with slight median subapical protuberance surmounted by setae; dorsal view of apical plate width 2.0 times length; sternum 6 with two well-separated, median teeth (resembles fig. l2tt). Genitalia presumed to be similar to figure 28e.
Sculpture and vestiture: Head shiny between punctures, largely impunctate on clypeal disc, lowest parocular area, subantennal area, most of convex portion of alveolocellar area, mandible base, and in narrow band behind eye; gena with fine punctures about a puncture width apart; elsewhere with fine to medium punctures about a puncture width apart and with largely simple setae; punctures closer in interalveolar area, sparser in supraorbital area; sparse setae longer in interalveolar and postgenal areas, vertex, labral disc and posteriorly on mandible; labral apex obscure in type. Sides of pronotum finely punctured about a puncture width apart, impunctate area above pronotal pit extending to beneath dorsolateral angle; scutal disc polished, virtually impunctate except sparsely along lines, fine punctures marginally and less than a puncture width apart laterally and on axilla; scutellar disc polished, impunctate, fine punctures laterally and posteriorly becoming about a puncture width apart; metanotum finely punctured throughout about a puncture width apart or less; mesopleuron polished, with medium punctures about a puncture width apart laterally, becoming more widely spaced posteroventrally, long plumose setae; hypoepimeral area polished, impunctate in lower half; metapleuron polished, finely punctured, about a puncture width apart; large impunctate area before metapleural pit; propodeal triangle reticulate rugulose, longitudinal carinulae indistinct laterally; angle of propodeum impunctate, minutely coriaceous; sides finely punctured, becoming about a puncture width apart and smaller laterad, with erect, plumose setae. Metasomal tergum I finely punctured on dorsal surface about two or more puncture widths apart, virtually impunctate on anterior surface; terga 2-6 with scattered fine punctures on pregradular area near gradulus, postgradular punctures medium and uniformly about a puncture width apart, each with a short suberect simple seta;
ground polished, but minutely roughened on terga 5—6; tergum 7 finely punctured with shiny ground, apical plate above with long, spreading plumose hairs extending beyond plate. Sterna 1—5 medium punctured, about a puncture width apart; setae fine, suberect, narrowly plumose, longer subapically on each sternum.
Color: Head nearly black with metallic light olive (ISCO-NES 106) reflections; thorax and abdomen dark fusco-rufous (15CC-lIES 44) with light olive reflections; metallic colors lacking on mandibles which are dark fusco-rufous. Ivory marks: broad hat-shaped on clypeus, extending full length and width; rectangular spot on labral disc; spots at bares of all tibiae, being largest on metatibia; pronotal lobes. Antennae fusco-rufous, lighter beneath; legs proximally light fusco-rufous, femora and tibiae faintly metallic, tarsi apically testaceous; wing membrane hyaline, venation and tegula testaceous. Body setae nearly white.
Holotype compared with illustrations of other specimens: metafemur and metatrochanter (fig. l0i), sternum 6 and apical plate (fig. 12a); genitalia not dissected from holotype, hut illustrated from another specimen (fig. 28e).
Type specimens.—Holotype male, Coffee Camp, Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California, June 25, 1929, on Senecio douglasii, P. H. Timberlake; allotype female, same locality and collector as holotype, June 8, 1925, on Lotus glaber. Paratypes: same locality and collector as holotype, four females, June 25, 1929, on Senecio douglasii, one female same date, on Sidalcea calycosa, one female, June11, 1925, on Senecio douglasii.
Holotype and allotype deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Paratypes in the University of Kansas, Lawrence; American Museum of Natural History; U. S. National Museum; and Timberlake collection.
This elegant new Ceratina is named in honor of P. H. Timberlake whose meticulously mounted and well-documented collection has yielded invaluable records of
the vanishing fauna of California.
Ceratina timberlakei is distinguished among the cismontane small carpenter bees of the Californian Biotic Province (Dice, 1943) by the large size, ivory pronotal lobes and broad clypeal mark, dark metallic green body color, sparsely punctured head, and deep tergal graduli. Large specimens may be confused with the transmontane C. neomexicana, but that species has a coarsely punctured head and normal graduli. The cismontane C. sequoiae is also similar, but with irregular mesopleural punctures. Smaller specimens may be confused with members of the C. nanula complex which have a more punctate head and usually have the sixth tergum clearly notched in profile. The male of C. timberlakei is dark metallic green and with clear metasomal graduli; it is distinctive in the sharp ventral tooth which is evenly fringed with fine setae of medium length. Males of the new species may be confused with C. sequoiae which has more obtuse, low tooth fringed more sparsely with longer setae.
C. timberlakei has been most frequently collected in the Chaparral, California oakwoods, and the ecotone between them (figs. 7c, 27a). A nest was found at Chalone Creek Campground, Pinnacles National Monument, California, in Rubus sp. The egg is placed on the surface of the elongate loaf almost in the middle (fig. 31f).
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