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Record originally contributed by FAO |
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Chrysomphalus aonidum
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Introduction |
Robert Macfarlane |
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Authority |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
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Classification |
Homoptera : Diaspididae |
Topic Editors
Data Stewards
Referees |
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Synonyms |
Aonidiella ficorum Ashmead, Aspidiotus aonidum (Linnaeus) Cockerell, 1905, Aspidiotus aonidum (Linnaeus) Hempel, 1900, Aspidiotus ficorum Ashmead, Aspidiotus ficus (Ashmead) Berlese, 1896, Aspidiotus ficus (Ashmead) Comstock, 1881, Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead, 1880, Coccus aonidum Linnaeus, 1758(
full list
) |
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Common names |
cabeca de prego, chermes de la Floride, circular black scale, circular purple scale, circular scale, Citrus black scale, citrus black scale, cocciniglia di Florida, cochinilla circular negra, cochinilla redonda obscura (
full list
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Signs & symptoms |
Robert Macfarlane |
1999-10-29 |
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Causes yellow chlorotic spots when feeding on leaves. When citrus fruits are attacked, yellow spots appear at the feeding sites. Scales on citrus fruit render the fruit unattractive. |
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Morphology |
Robert Macfarlane |
1999-10-29 |
Descriptions:
The female scale is round and usually dark purple; the
exuviae
paler and subcentral. The male scale is similar to that of the female, but smaller and oval.
The adult female is recognisable from other species by the rather wide
pygidium
with the
posterior
end gently rounded, not pointed; by the fairly numerous ducts in the second and third furrows; and by the cluster of small submarginal ducts on segment 2 of the abdomen.
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Ecology |
Robert Macfarlane |
1999-10-29 |
Life-cycle:
Eggs are laid under the scale of the female insect. the
crawlers
emerge within a few hours; they are easily dispersed by wind, insects, and cultivation practices. the young scales are found mainly along the
midribs
and
veins
of leaves, or in depressions in the fruit. After settling the nymphs start secreting the characteristic waxy scale.
Parthenogenesis
does not appear to be of significance in this species. The winged adult males are very short-lived and do not feed.
Polyphagus on both dicotyledons and monocotyledons. |
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Dispersal/vectors |
Robert Macfarlane |
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Management |
Robert Macfarlane |
1999-10-29 |
Commonly chemical controls are not required in Pacific Island situations. Careful use of cultural and biological controls and good plant management are all that are required. It is parasitized by a wide range of hymenopterous parasites and several species of Coccinelid beetles have been reported feeding upon it.
Outstanding biological control is achieved by the parasite
Aphytis holoxanthus
— an achievement that has completely eliminated the need for chemical control of Florida red scale. |
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Host notes |
Robert Macfarlane |
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Notes |
Robert Macfarlane |
1999-10-29 |
Pantropical CIE. Map. A.4
Wide host range, but particularly common on Citrus species. Found on coconut, date palm, mango, cinnamon, and a wide range of
monocotyledons
and
dicotyledons
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Distribution |
Robert Macfarlane |
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Bibliography |
Robert Macfarlane |
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