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Body elongate, slender, compressed, soft and flexible; fatty ring around large eye; operculum thin, with 2 short spines; mouth small, at front; jaw teeth small, conical, 1 row; wide patch of flattened knob-like teeth on tongue and on roof of mouth; 22-26 rakers on 1st gill arch; sharp bony keel along breast; 2 dorsal fins, X-XI + I, 15-17; anal II, 14-16; origins of 1st dorsal and pelvic behind pectoral base; pectorals long, in adults extend past anal origin, 17-20 rays; tail forked, blunt tips; lateral line high along back; branched mucous canal along length of flank; scales moderate, smooth, 49-53 on lateral line; bases of dorsal and anal with scaly sheath; scales extend forward well onto snout.
Bluey brown, fins pale; inside mouth and gill chamber very dark.
Size: 20 cm.
Habitat: oceanic, juveniles around flotsam.
Depth: 60-100 m.
Circumglobal, tropical to temperate; the oceanic islands.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap). Depth Range Max: 100 m. Depth Range Min: 60 m. Diet: bony fishes; zooplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-82; Latitudinal range=27; Longitudinal range=33. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Bathypelagic. Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species. Habitat: Water column. Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 20 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
Ahlstrom , E. H. , Butler , J. L..and Sumida, B. Y., 1976., Pelagic stromateoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: Kinds, distributions and early life histories and observations on five of these from the northwest Atlantic., Bull. Mar. Sci., 26:285-402.
Butler, J.L., 1979., The nomeid genus Cubiceps (Pisces) with a description of a new species., Bull. Mar. Sci., 29:226-241.
Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
Günther, A., 1872., On some new species of reptiles and fishes collected by J. Brenchley, Esq., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 4), 10:418-426.
Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11 - 12;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 15-17;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 14 - 16;
Vertebrae
: 30 - 31. Light tan to brown in color; caudal fin dusky, other fins clear (Ref.
4412
). Teeth patches on midline of roof of mouth and tongue large, broad and granular (sometimes partly obscured by mucous) (Ref 9834).
Occurs from the border of the continental shelf to about 1,000 m depth (Ref.
13628
). Found near the surface at night (Ref.
9834
). Adults feed mainly on salps (Ref.
33689
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 8.7 - 19, mean 12.7 °C (based on 823 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00387 - 0.01962), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tmax>4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
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