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Overview |
Main identification features
- d: x-xi
- c: straight
- head pointed, mouth oblique
- pectoral less than pelvic
- scales smoothfins not scaled
Dorsal rays IX or X-I, 20-22; anal rays II,9-10; pored lateral-line scales 60-70, total gill rakers on first arch 9-11; mouth oblique, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw; no pores or barbel on chin; teeth in multiple rows with pair of large canines at tip of upper jaw; margin of preopercle without serrations; upper jaw not reaching level of rear margin of eye; pectoral and pelvic fins short; tail fin more of less straight; all scales smooth; soft dorsal fin without a scaly sheath; lateral line straight, not arched anteriorly.
Color silvery, bluish grey on upper back; dorsal and caudal fins dusky, other fins whitish; axil of pectoral fin blackish.
Size: to 60 cm.
Inhabits coastal waters; juveniles enter river mouths and shallow. estuaries.
Depth: 1-30 m.
Gulf of California to Peru, and the Galapagos.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 30 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes; octopus/squid/cuttlefish.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=30; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-114; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=39; Longitudinal range=36.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 60 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1882., Descriptions of nineteen new species of fishes from the Bay of Panama., Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1:306-335.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1925., The marine fishes of Panama. Part II., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:331-707.
- Phillips, P. C., 1981., Annotated Checklist of Fishes at Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 29:45-58.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Rubio, E.A., 1990., Sistematica y Abundancia de los Peces de la Familia Sciaenidae (Pisces: Perciformes) en areas Aledañas a la Bahia de Buenaventura., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :413-421.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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