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Identification Summary: Small; sides of rim of propodeal triangle with u-shaped carinae that appear like small horseshoes, these are very useful indicators of this rather common plain species; fore coxa with a unique conical projection;T1 hair fan open at the top; mesepisturnum rather coarsely rugose.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE—Length 5 mm.; head and thorax greenish, abdomen reddish-piceous, pubescence entirely white, very short and thin; head somewhat broader than long; clypeus rather fiat, projecting but very slightly below suborbital line; eyes converging below; lateral ocelli considerably nearer eyes than to each other; mandibles with a small, inner, subapical tooth; median, apical process of labrum short; cheeks slightly narrower than eyes; upper half of face shining, punctures fine but deep and distinct, rather close but distinctly separated, becoming minute and obscure on vertex, cheeks becoming obscurely striate below; hypostomal carinae parallel; lower half of face shining, punctures somewhat more coarse and more widely separated on each side, punctures of supraclypeal area minute and evenly distributed, those on clypeus very fine and rather close above, becoming coarse and more sparse below; scutum and scutellum shining, very finely punctured (much as in heterognothus, fig. 99), but median punctures of scutum closer; pleura dull, very finely rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum rather coarsely and regularly striate, the striae extending about to posterior margin, lateral surfaces shining, very finely roughened; wings hyaline, veins and stigma pale yellow; tegulae testaceous-hyaline; basal segments of legs brownish, becoming somewhat more yellowish apically; front coxae with a distinct conical protuberance; abdominal terga smooth and shining, basal tergum nearly impunctate, the punctures exceedingly minute and obscure, those on succeeding terga somewhat more distinct, rather close but not crowded, apical margins impressed toward sides, but not contrasting in color with discs, apical terga to some degree obscured by fine, pale tomentum.
MALE—Length 4-5 mm.; head and thorax greenish, abdomen reddish-piceous; pubescence short and thin, entirely pale; length and breadth of head subequal; clypeus rather narrow, projecting nearly one-half below suborbital line; eyes strongly convergent below; antennae much nearer eyes than to each other; basal segment of flagellum subequal to pedicel, segment 2 nearly twice as long as broad, brownish-testaceous below, slightly darker above; lateral ocelli considerably nearer eyes than to each other; cheeks considerably narrower than eyes; face below ocelli shining, punctures distinct, rather close and fine, becoming more minute and obscure on shining vertex and upper cheeks, these becoming finely striate below; lower half of face shining beneath the dense, white tomentum, punctures fine and close; scutum and scutellum shining, punctures very fine, irregularly scattered, rather sparse in center of discs, and sparse over most of scutellum; pleura anteriorly rather coarsely rugoso-striate, becoming rather smooth posteriorly; dorsal area of propodeum quite regularly and completely striate, lateral surfaces rather dull, finely roughened or subrugose; wings hyaline, veins and stigma yellowish; tegulae testaceous; basal segments of legs brownish, tibiae pale brownish medially, yellowish at base and apex, all tarsi yellowish; abdominal terga smooth and shining, punctures very minute, rather close basally on terga 2 and 3, 1st nearly impunctate, apical margins narrowly impressed, impunctate, somewhat reddish; apical margin of sternum 5 nearly straight; median process of sternum 7 somewhat as that in reticulatus (fig. 100), but shorter, with broader base; gonostylus of armature as shown (fig. 102), retrorse lobe rather expansive, very sparsely covered with short, fine pubescence.
DISTRIBUTION—Minnesota to Nova Scotia, south to Arkansas and Georgia; March to October.
FLOWER RECORDS—Aithaea, Antennarla, Apocynum, Aselepias, Aster, Baptisia, Ceanothus, Daucus, Eupatorium, hex, Medicago, Piantago, Prunus, Pyrrhopappus, Rhus, Salix, Saivia, Soiidago, Taraxacum, Vicia and Waidateria. This species has been collected at a Lecanium-infested pine. Robertson (1929) records it also on Claytonia, Clematis, Crypt otaenia, Gieditsia, Gonolo bus, Helianthus, Malva, Rhammus, Sassafras, Slum and Tilia.
Retrieved from: Gibbs, J. 2010. Revision of the metallic species of Lasioglossum (Dialictus)in Canada (Hymenoptera, Halictidae, Halictini). Zootaxa; 2591, 149-153
Halictus illinoensis Robertson, 1892: 271. ♀.
Lectotype. ♀ USA, Illinois, Carlinville, 12.viii., (C. Robertson); [INHS: 179,611] by W.E. LaBerge. Examined.
Halictus illinoisensis Smith, 1910: 688 (Emend.)
Taxonomy. Robertson, 1902: Chloralictus Illinoensis, p. 249 (key); Michener, 1951: Lasioglossum (Chloralictus)
illinoense, p. 1114 (catalogue); Mitchell, 1960: Dialictus illinoensis ♀♂, p. 399 (redescription); Krombein,
1967: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) illinoense, p. 464 (catalogue); Hurd, 1979: Dialictus illinoensis, p. 1966
(catalogue); Moure & Hurd, 1987: Dialictus illinoensis, p. 105 (catalogue).
Diagnosis. Females of L. illinoense can be distinguished from all other Canadian Dialictus by the conically
produced protrochanter (Fig. 121D). They are further recognisable by the combination of a wide head
(length/width ratio = 0.90–0.92), very strong carina delimiting lower margin of dorsolateral slope (Fig. 121E),
fine mesoscutal punctures that are sparse on central disc but dense laterad of parapsidal line, and wide distal
margin of clypeus.
Males of L. illinoense can be recognised by diagnostic combination of a yellow maculation on the distal
margin of the clypeus, wide head (length/width ratio = 0.94–0.95), mesoscutum with posterior half polished
due to lack of microsculpture and with fine punctures, widely spaced on the central disc (i=1–3d), rugulose
mesepisternum, apical halves of metasomal terga impunctate except along premarginal line, and metasomal
sterna with relatively sparse plumose hairs.
Redescription. FEMALE. Length 4.03–5.37 mm; head length 1.06–1.34 mm; head width 1.18–1.46 mm;
forewing length 3.11–3.72 mm.
Colouration. Head and mesosoma pale blue or green. Labrum sometimes orange-yellow. Mandible sometimes
orange-yellow. Clypeus with apical half blackish brown and basal brown, and supraclypeal area sometimes
with brassy reflections. Antennae dark brown, flagellum with ventral surface reddish brown. Tegula
amber to brownish yellow. Wing membrane subhyaline, venation and pterostigma pale amber. Legs brown,
tibial bases and tarsi orange-yellow. Metasoma reddish brown, terga and sterna with apical impressed areas
translucent brownish yellow.
Pubescence. Dull white. Sparse. Head and mesosoma with moderately dense woolly hairs (1–1.5 OD),
longest on genal beard, metanotum and mesopleuron (2–2.5 OD). Lower paraocular area and gena with scattered
tomentum partially obscuring surface. Propodeum with moderately dense plumose hairs on lateral and
posterior surfaces (2–2.5 OD). Metasomal terga with very sparse, fine setae. T1 acarinarial fan of appressed
hairs small with wide dorsal opening. T2 basolaterally and T3–T5 entirely with sparse, scattered tomentum.
T2 apicolateral and T3–T4 apical margins with very sparse fringes.
Surface sculpture. Face polished, weakly imbricate, punctation fine. Clypeus polished, punctation moderately
sparse (i=1–3d). Supraclypeal area with punctation moderately sparse (i=1–3d). Lower paraocular and
antennocular areas with punctation dense (i≤d). Upper paraocular area and frons punctation clearly separated
(i=d). Ocellocular area punctate (i=d). Gena polished. Postgena imbricate. Mesoscutum polished, faintly
imbricate, punctation fine, moderately sparse over majority of disc (i=1–3d), dense laterad of parapsidal line and on anterolateral portions (i≤d). Mesoscutellum similar to mesoscutum polished, punctation fine. Axilla
punctate. Metanotum imbricate. Preëpisternum and mesepisternum rugose, rugulose below. Metepisternum
with dorsal half rugoso-striate, ventral half imbricate. Metapostnotum coarsely rugoso-striate. Propodeum
with dorsolateral slope imbricate, lateral and posterior surfaces imbricate. Metasomal terga integument polished,
apical impressed areas faintly coriarious, punctation on basal halves sparse (i=1.5–3d), apical half
impunctate (except along premarginal line).
Structure. Head very wide (length/width ratio = 0.90–0.92). Eyes weakly convergent below (UOD/LOD
ratio = 1.24–1.26). Clypeus 1/3 below suborbital tangent, apicolateral margins parallel, distal margin wide,
apicolateral angle rounded. Antennal sockets close (IAD/OAD = 0.6). Frontal line carinate, ending fine, 2.5
OD below median ocellus. Gena narrower than eye. Procoxa with conical tubercle. Inner metatibial spur pectinate
with 3–4 teeth. Metapostnotum moderately elongate (MMR ratio = 1.08–1.33), posterior margin weakly
angled onto posterior surface. Propodeum with dorsolateral slope delimited below by strong oblique carinae
forming obtuse angle, lateral carina reaching dorsal margin.
MALE. Similar to female except for the usual secondary sexual characters and as follows. Length 4.15–
4.51 mm; head length 1.13–1.30 mm head width 1.19–1.38 mm forewing length 3.23–3.42 mm.
Colouration. Labrum, mandible apex, and Clypeus with apical half yellow. Flagellum with ventral surface
bright yellow. Tibial bases and apices, tarsi and pro- and mesotibia with ventral surface yellow.
Pubescence. Lower paraocular area with dense tomentum obscuring surface. Clypeus, supraclypeal area
and lower frons with scattered tomentum partially obscuring surface. Sterna sparsely pubescent, S2–S4 apically
with subappressed hairs.
Surface sculpture. Metapostnotum coarsely rugoso-striate, lateral surface rugulose.
Structure. Head wide (length/width ratio = 0.94–0.95). Eyes strongly convergent below (UOD/LOD ratio
= 1.45–1.61). Antennal sockets distant (IAD/OAD = 2.0). Frontal line carinate, ending fine, OD below
median ocellus. Pedicel subequal to F1. F2 length 2X F1. F2–F10 moderately long (length/width ratio = 1.40–
1.75). Metapostnotum moderately elongate (MMR ratio = 1.18–1.25), posterior margin sharply angled onto
posterior surface.
Terminalia. S7 with median lobe strongly clavate, sides concave, apex rounded (Fig. 122D). S8 with apicomedial
margin weakly convex (Fig. 122D). Genitalia as shown in Fig. 122D–E. Gonobase with ventral
arms narrowly separated. Gonostylus small, dorsal setae elongate. Retrorse lobe elongate, weakly attenuated
apically.
Range. Nova Scotia, south to Georgia, Mississippi, west to Kansas (Fig. 120).
Additional material examined. USA: GEORGIA: 1♀ Liberty Co., St. Catherines Isl., N31°40.9´
W081°08.8´, 16–21.iv.1995 (A. Sharkov); 1♀ Liberty Co., St. Catherines Isl., N31°40.9´ W081°08.8´, 23–
28.iv.1995 (A. Sharkov); 7♀♀ Liberty Co., St. Catherines Isl., N31°41´ W081°09´, 30.iv–4.v.1995 (A.
Sharkov); 8♀♀ Liberty Co., St. Catherines Isl., Road b/w Windmill 2nd and Gator Pond, 22–27.vi.1995 (A.
Sharkov); ILLINOIS: 1♀ Carlinville, N39.2787 W089.8898, 24.vi.2006 (J. Gibbs); INDIANA: 4♀♀ Jackson
Co., N38.8799 W086.056, 26.vii.2003 (S.W. Droege); 1♀ Jasper Co., Nipsco, bpt, 22.v.2003 (R.P. Jean);
KANSAS: 1♀ Douglas Co., N38°49.168′ W95°21.788′, 9.viii.2004 (J. Hopwood); KENTUCKY: 13♀♀
Wayne Co., N36.924 W084.8715, 23–24.vii.2007 (S.W. Droege); MARYLAND: 1♀ Pr. George’s Co.,
N38.9764 W076.7491, 20.viii.2004 (S. Kolski); 1♀ Pr. George’s Co., N38.9591 W076.734, 20.viii.2004 (S.
Kolski); 1♂, Pr. George’s Co., N38.9627 W076.7477, 21.ix.2006 (K. Hutson); 1♂, Pr. George’s Co.,
N38.9632 W076.7479, 21.ix.2006 (K. Hutson); MICHIGAN: 1♀ Alleghan Co., N42.5538 W86.0437,
28.viii.2003 (S.W. Droege); NORTH CAROLINA: 3♀♀ Apex, N35.89375 W078.958, 12.viii.2006 (J.
Gibbs); 1♀ Junaluska Meadow, N35.54289 W082.95664, 7.viii.2006 (Gibbs & Sheffield); 1♀ S. of Bryson
City, Bryson City & Queen Branch Rds., N35.28377 W083.4872, 8.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); PENNSYLVANIA:
1♀ Motel 6 off Hwy 83, N of Hwy 76, S of Harrisburg, N40.2134 W076.7155, 10.vi.2006 (J. Gibbs); SOUTH
CAROLINA: 1♂ C. Sandhills NWR, N34.5597 W080.2561, 6.ix.2006 (S.W. Droege); 1♀ Chesterfield Co., N34.5789 W080.2334, 18.v.2006 (S.W. Droege); 1♀ Okanee Co., Walhalla, N34.80472 W083.14587,
8.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); TENNESSEE: 2♀♀ Gatlinburg, Hwy 321, N35.75988 W083.3615, 8.viii.2006 (J.
Gibbs); [PCYU]; TEXAS: 1♀ Kerr Co., Mary Meade Ranch, N29.992 W099.388, 17.viii–28.ix.2006 (J.C.
Abbott); [CTMI]; WEST VIRGINIA: 4♀♀ Hampshire Co.., N39.3012 W078.4358, 11.vii.2002 (S.W.
Droege); [PCYU]; WISCONSIN: 2♀♀ Dane Co., Henderson Savanna, 20.viii.1995; [IRCW].
Floral records. ANACARDIACEAE: Rhus, APIACEAE: Cryptotaenia canadensis, Daucus carota,
Sium suave, APOCYNACEAE: Apocynum androsaemifolium, MALVACEAE: Althaea rosea, Malva “rotundifolia”,
AQUIFOLIACEAE: Ilex, ASCLEPIADACEAE: Asclepias, Cynanchum laeve, ASTERACEAE:
Antennaria, Erigeron, Eupatorium altissimum, Helianthus divaricatus, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Solidago missouriensis, S. nemoralis, Symphyotrichum ericoides, S. pilosum, Taraxacum officinale, CAPPARACEAE:
Cleome serrulata, FABACEAE: Baptisia, Gleditsia triacanthos, Glycine max, Medicago, Vicia, LAMIACEAE:
Pycnanthemum, Salvia, LAURACEAE: Sassafras variifolium, PAPAVERACEAE: Argemone “pinnatifida”,
PLANTAGINACEAE: Plantago, PORTULACACEAE: Claytonia virginica,
RANUNCULACEAE: Clematis virginiana, RHAMNACEAE: Ceanothus, Rhamnus lanceolata, ROSACEAE:
Photinia, Prunus, Pyrus, SALICACEAE: Salix amygdaloides, S. cordata, TILIACEAE: Tilia americana,
UNKNOWN: “Waldateria”.
Biology. Reinhard 1924: (predator).
Comments. Rare in Canada. Lasioglossum illinoense is recorded from Nova Scotia by Mitchell (1960)
but no Canadian specimens have been examined. Common in some Eastern USA including states adjacent to
Ontario. Formerly H. (C.) politissimus Cockerell has been recorded as a synonym of this species (Mitchell
1960). From examination of the holotype this is clearly incorrect. The name H. politissimus is a junior synonym
of L. connexum (Cresson) [new synonymy].
Extracted from Jason Gibbs. 2011. Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini.) Zootaxa.
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) illinoense (Robertson)
Halictus illinoensis Robertson, 1892: 271. ♀.
Lectotype. ♀ USA, Illinois, Macoupin Co., Carlinville, 12.viii.1891, (C. Robertson); [INHS: 11933] by W. E. LaBerge (in
Webb 1980). Examined.
Halictus illinoisensis Smith, 1910: 688. (Emend.)
Taxonomy. Robertson, 1902b: Chloralictus Illinoensis, p. 249 (key); Michener, 1951: Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) illinoense,
p. 1114 (catalogue); Mitchell, 1960: Dialictus illinoensis ♀♂, p. 399 (redescription, key); Krombein, 1967: Lasioglossum
(Dialictus) illinoense, p. 464 (catalogue); Hurd, 1979: Dialictus illinoensis, p. 1966 (catalogue); Moure &
Hurd, 1987: Dialictus illinoensis, p. 105 (catalogue); Gibbs, 2010b: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) illinoense ♀♂, p. 149 (redescription,
key).
Diagnosis. Female L. illinoense can be distinguished from all other North American Dialictus by protrochanter conically
produced (Fig. 8A). They are further recognisable by the combination of head wide (length/width ratio = 0.90–
0.92); clypeus with wide distal margin; propodeum with very strong carina delimiting lower margin of dorsolateral slope;
and mesoscutal punctures fine, sparse between parapsidal lines, denser laterad of parapsidal line.
Male L. illinoense can be recognised by the following diagnostic combination: clypeus with distal margin yellow;
head wide (length/width ratio = 0.94–0.95); mesoscutum with posterior half polished due to lack of microsculpture, punctures
fine, sparse between parapsidal lines (i=1–3d); mesepisternum rugulose; metasomal terga with apical halves
impunctate except along premarginal line; and metasomal sterna with relatively sparse plumose hairs.
Range. Nova Scotia, south to Georgia, Mississippi, west to Kansas. USA: GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, MI, NC, NJ,
NY, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV.
DNA Barcode. Available. Multiple sequences.
Comments. Common. See Gibbs (2010b).
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