9.
Dicranella heteromalla
(Hedwig) Schimper, Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 13. 1856.
Dicranum heteromallum
Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 128. 1801;
Campylopus henrici
Renauld & Cardot;
Dicranella fitzgeraldii
Renauld & Cardot;
D. heteromalla
var.
latinervis
Cardot & Thériot;
D. heteromalla
var.
orthocarpa
(Hedwig) A. Jaeger & Sauerbeck;
Dicranum orthocarpum
Hedwig
Plants
to 10, rarely 40 mm, in rather shiny, yellow to dark green tufts.
Leaves
erect to falcate-secund, 2-3 mm, gradually narrowed from a lanceolate base to a subula largely occupied by the costa; margins erect, serrulate in the distal half of the limb; costa excurrent; cells in 1-3 rows above the leaf middle, rather short-rectangular, 11-14 × 4-7 µm.
Sexual condition
dioicous.
Seta
5-15 mm, yellowish.
Capsule
1-1.5 mm, suberect or sometimes inclined to horizontal, cylindric, often curved, asymmetric, tapered at the neck, usually ± obliquely furrowed and constricted on 1 side below an oblique mouth; annulus consisting of 1 row of small cells, persistent; operculum long-rostrate; peristome teeth 400-500 µm, divided
1
/2 length distally.
Spores
14-18 µm, faintly roughened.
Capsules mature spring and summer. Soil of shaded banks, especially along woodland trails, and soil covering upturned roots; low to high altitudes; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Ala., Alaska, Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama); South America (Colombia); Europe; Asia (China, e Himalayas, Japan); Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira); n, e Africa.
Dicranella heteromalla
is a common species recognized by suberect, obliquely furrowed capsules tapered toward the base and oblique at the mouth. The leaf margins are distinctly toothed above the middle. Reports for Oklahoma are by B. D. Mahler and W. F. Mahler (1980) and from Texas by E. Whitehouse and F. McAllister (1954).
