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Dorsal
spines
(total): 8;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 13-16;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 12 - 13. Body compressed, its width 3.3-4 in depth (Ref.
37816
). Normally yellow, but sometimes nearly all black and juveniles take-on colors of the local venomous
Meiacanthus
blennies that are yellow or grey (Ref.
48635
).
Found mainly in coastal habitats in semi-silty conditions (Ref.
48635
); also found near caves and crevices in rocky and coral reefs from a few meters to at least 100 m. A predator that feeds on surprisingly large prey, swallowed whole through its expandable jaws (Ref.
48635
). Feeds mainly on fishes. Secretes the skin toxin grammistin under stress (Ref.
2334
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley
, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref.
7300
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1680 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00693 - 0.04780), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 47.4 [26.7, 100.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.534 [0.290, 1.008] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.2, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.138 [0.082, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 33.9 [19.2, 65.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 80 [21, 353] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.995 [0.649, 1.511] mg/100g (wet weight);
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