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FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=saurus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=saurus http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=saurus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=saurus https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=saurus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Elops-saurus.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Elops affinis Species in    Elops Species in    Elopidae - Classification - Elopidae Elopiformes Teleostei Chordata Animalia Elops saurus Linnaeus , 1766 Ladyfish Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Elops saurus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Videos | Google image Elops saurus Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) > Elopidae (Tenpounders) Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Linnaeus . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; brackish; demersal; pH range: ? - 10.4; amphidromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 13325 ). Subtropical; 11°C - 34°C (Ref. 127853 ); 29°N - 17°S Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Western Atlantic: Cape Cod (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil. Questionable occurrence records in the China (Ref. 52360 ), Taiwan (47843), and Vietnam (Ref. 9706 , 46452 ). Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340 ); common length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3718 ); max. published weight: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699 ) Short description Morphology | Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25-29; Anal spines : 0; Anal soft rays : 16 - 19; Vertebrae : 73 - 85. Scales small, more than 100 in lateral line. Gular plate narrow (Ref. 26938 ). Silvery overall, with bluish on upper surface (Ref. 7251 ). Branchiostegal rays: 26-33 (Ref. 4639 ). Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Occur in shallow neritic areas, over muddy bottoms (Ref. 5217 ). Also found in brackish estuaries and juveniles are common in lagoons and hyper-saline bays (Ref. 5217 ). Form large schools close to the shore (Ref. 9987 ). Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Spawn in the open sea (Ref. 5217 ). Larval development is represented by profound changes in body form accompanied by 2 periods of length increase, interspaced by a period of length decrease (Ref. 4639 ). Noted for their habit of skipping along the surface of the water and for jumping after being hooked (Ref. 5521 ). Marketed fresh, salted and frozen but considered a second rate food fish (Ref. 3718 ). Rhynchobothrium bulbifer found in the viscera of the adult (Ref. 37032 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Spawns offshore, the larvae drifting towards the coast where they shelter and grow (Ref. 9987 ). Leptocephalus larvae are found in salinities as low as 0.0+ to 0.8 ppt (Ref. 75142 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray , 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 30 March 2011 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 25 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1142 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5176   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00458 - 0.00830), b=2.94 (2.86 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.5   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.22-0.3; tm=2). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High vulnerability (60 of 100). Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649 ):  Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Low . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 22.2 [10.7, 44.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.569 [0.300, 0.970] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.15 [0.08, 0.27] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.2, 44.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.3 [11.0, 111.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.654 [0.437, 1.015] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. 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