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Encrasicholina purpurea, Nehu : fisheries, bait
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Encrasicholina purpurea
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes
(Herrings) >
Engraulidae
(Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology:
Encrasicholina:
Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen
.
More on author:
Fowler
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref.
189
). Tropical; 25°N - 14°N, 165°W - 143°W (Ref.
189
)
Eastern Central Pacific: endemic to Hawaii, but its use as a baitfish may spread its range.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
189
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 13 - 15. Most specimens without pre-pelvic scutes, but some with 1 to 5 thin needle-like scutes. Maxilla tip blunt, reaching to front border of pre-operculum, but scarcely projecting beyond second supra-maxilla. Isthmus short, preceded by a small fleshy plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Anal fin short, its origin behind base of last dorsal fin ray.
Epipelagic (Ref.
58302
). A schooling species living close inshore and entering bays, inlets, estuaries, canals and even penetrating into fish ponds, thus able to tolerate a wide range of salinities. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustacean larvae. Breeds throughout the year, with a peak in summer, spawning at night (between 2200 and 0200 hours) in bays and estuaries (Ref.
189
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Spawn in bays and estuaries in school (Ref.
205
). Spawning is said to be continuous throughout the season (Ref.
32412
,
40290
).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana
, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
189
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
28 February 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 25 - 25.6, mean 25.3 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00544 - 0.01757), b=3.20 (3.04 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.1 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
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