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FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=akaara ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=akaara http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=akaara ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=akaara https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=akaara ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Epinephelus-akaara.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Epinephelus Species in    Epinephelidae - Classification - Epinephelidae Perciformes/Serranoidei Teleostei Chordata Animalia Epinephelus akaara ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1842 ) Hong Kong grouper Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Epinephelus akaara   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Stamps, Coins Misc. | Google image Epinephelus akaara Picture by Randall, J.E. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers) Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335 ) . More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 55 m (Ref. 89707 ). Tropical; 39°N - 20°N, 109°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222 ) Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Northwest Pacific: southern China, Taiwan, East China Sea, Korea, and southern Japan (Kyushu to about 38°N on both coasts of Honshu). Reported specimen from Viet Nam may be Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus and records from the Philippines and India are unsubstantiated. Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ? , range 23 - ? cm Max length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 89707 ); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2852 ); max. published weight: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637 ) Short description Morphology | Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-17; Anal spines : 3; Anal soft rays : 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale brownish grey, covered with small red, orange or gold spots except on ventral side; 6 faint oblique dark bars on body; dark brown blotch on body at base of the 3 dorsal fin spines; dorsal fin margin yellow or orange; row of dusky yellow or orange spots along middle of the spinous dorsal fin and another row along the base of the fin; faint red or orange spots at caudal and anal fins; body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle; upper edge of operculum straight; subequal posterior and anterior nostril; maxilla reaching about to vertical at rear edge of eye; two rows of teeth at midside of lower jaw; pelvic fins not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxiliary in adults (Ref. 089707 ). Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Rock-reef species inhabiting depths to at least 55 m. Juveniles are often found shallower than 10 m (Ref. 089707 ). A highly prized food fish usually caught by hand-lining over rock strata. Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall , 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Endangered (EN)  (A2d); Date assessed: 20 November 2016 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial FAO - Aquaculture: production ; ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquaculture: production ; ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 16 - 25.5, mean 20.6 °C (based on 178 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00751 - 0.02781), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.0   ±0.65 se; based on food items. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm=2). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Very high . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 25.5 [12.5, 53.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.46 [0.25, 0.94] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.08, 0.19] g/100g; Selenium = 34.3 [20.5, 60.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 184 [52, 657] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.87, 1.73] mg/100g (wet weight); Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : localhost Page last modified by : mrius-barile - 20 July 2016 Fatal error : Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function checkEcotox(), 1 passed in /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php on line 2304 and exactly 3 expected in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php:2579 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php(2304): checkEcotox() #1 {main} thrown in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php on line 2579 Updated: 2024-04-19 13:06:39 gmt TaiBIF | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation