Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish Fish species NCSM Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=guttatus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=guttatus http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=guttatus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=guttatus https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Epinephelus&speciesname=guttatus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Epinephelus-guttatus.html This page is sponsored by Mundus Maris Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Epinephelus Species in    Epinephelidae - Classification - Epinephelidae Perciformes/Serranoidei Teleostei Chordata Animalia Epinephelus guttatus ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Red hind Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, Coins Misc. | Google image Epinephelus guttatus Picture by Bryan, D. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers) Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Linnaeus . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 100 - ? m (Ref. 89707 ). Tropical; 36°N - 8°N, 98°W - 58°W (Ref. 5222 ) Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA to Paraíba, Brazil (Ref. 57756 ). The most common species of Epinephelus in the West Indies. Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m 25.0   range ? - ? cm Max length : 76.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5222 ); common length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217 ); max. published weight: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5217 ); max. reported age: 22 years (Ref. 31471 ) Short description Morphology | Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-16; Anal spines : 3; Anal soft rays : 8. Scales cycloid except for a ctenoid patch of variable size in the pectoral region. Greenish gray to light brown on the back grading to white ventrally, with numerous well-spaced dull orange-red to brown spots on the head, body and fins. Five faint diagonal bars formed by darker spots on the sides. No saddle-shaped blotch on caudal peduncle or along base of dorsal fin (Ref. 26938 ); further characterized by having body depth contained 2.7-3.1 times in standard length; head length 2.3-2.4 times in standard length; evenly serrate preopercle, without salient angle; posterior nostril larger than anterior nostril (Ref. 89707 ). Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found in shallow reefs and rocky bottoms. Usually solitary and territorial. Feed mainly on crabs ( Calapa and Mithrax ) and other crustaceans (alpheid shrimps and scyllarid lobsters), fishes (labrids and haemulids), and octopus. Some undergo sexual inversion at 28 cm TL; most fish larger than 40 cm are males. Important in terms of numbers caught and total weight of landings in the Caribbean. Easily approached by divers (Ref. 9710 ). Hermaphrodite species. Excellent food fish (Ref. 26938 ). Readily caught on hook and line and easily speared (Ref. 13442 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Females rest on or close to the bottom, while males patrol around an area that consists of 1 to 5 females and defend this territory from other males. Form aggregation and reproduce almost exclusively within the aggregation period (Ref. 8557 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall , 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31172 ) Human uses Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01037 - 0.01331), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.8   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.24; tm=3; tmax=17; Fec=96,000). Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 2 stock assessments. Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649 ):  Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   High . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 21 [10, 46] mg/100g; Iron = 0.452 [0.243, 0.903] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.126 [0.078, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 47.2 [27.8, 83.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 141 [40, 485] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.15 [0.81, 1.60] mg/100g (wet weight); Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Laguna, Philippines Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2024-04-26 09:05:40 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation