1.
Ferocactus wislizeni
(Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 127. 1922.
Compass barrel, Arizona barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus
Echinocactus wislizeni
Engelmann in F. A. Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico, 96. 1848;
E. emoryi
Engelmann 1848, not Engelmann 1856
Stems
usually leaning southward in adulthood, depressed-spheric to ovoid-cylindric, 19-100(-300) × (20-)36-65(-100) cm.
Ribs
20-30(-40), shallowly notched immediately above each areole.
Spines
16-25(-29) per areole, central spines and larger radial spines dull pink, gray, or tan; smallest spines per areole white, slender, often bristlelike, less than 1 mm diam., strongly contrasting with central spines; central spines (1-)2-4, often with several, subulate subcentral spines, rigid; principal central spine strongly hooked (very rarely straight), 36-120(-150) mm from curve of hook to base of spine, 1.5-4(-7) mm wide, strongly annulate, terete, ± angular, or flattened and often adaxially troughlike; other central spines subulate, slightly smaller.
Flowers
similar in color inside and out, 4-8.5 × 4-6.5 cm; inner tepals orange, red, or yellow with orange to red midstripes, or wholly yellow; stigma lobes yellow, orange, or red.
Fruits
± readily dehiscent through basal pore, bright yellow, 35-60 × 18-40 mm, thick walled, leathery or fleshy, locule dry, hollow except for seeds.
Seeds
(1.9-)2-2.5(-2.9) mm, essentially smooth with very narrow and slightly raised reticulations.
2
n
= 22.
Flowering late summer(-fall). Desert scrub, grasslands, south-facing slopes in lower edges of oak woodlands, flats, bajadas, mountainsides, usually relatively deep soils of limestone and igneous origin; 100-1600(-1800) m; Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora).
The stems of
Ferocactus wislizeni
commonly lean southward, hence the vernacular name, compass barrel. Eventually they fall to the ground from their own weight, uprooting themselves.
Introgressive hybridization with
Ferocactus cylindraceus
is thus far not documented, but is often invoked as an explanation for difficulty in identifying individual specimens in or near the wide region of sympatry. The putative hybrids mostly vanish with sufficient expertise in identifying the "parental" species.
Ferocactus wislizeni
barely extends into Mexico, where two allopatric species,
F. tiburonensis
(G. E. Lindsay) Backeberg and
F. herrerae
J. G. Ortega, often are cited as varieties of
F. wislizeni
. All reports of intermediates with
F. herrerae
are based on normal
F. herrerae
, the subtropical species (R. S. Felger 2000).
The finely reticulate seed coat of
Ferocactus wislizeni
is diagnostic among the species of
Ferocactus
in the flora.
