16.
Fissidens bryoides
Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond. 153. 1801.
Fissidens andersonii
Grout;
F. bryoides
var.
incurvus
(Starke) Hübener;
F. bryoides
var.
pusillus
(Wilson) Pursell;
F. exiguus
Sullivant;
F. exiguus
var.
falcatulus
(Renauld & Cardot) Grout;
F. pusillus
(Wilson) Milde;
F. synoicous
Sullivant;
F. texanus
Lesquereux & James;
F. viridulus
(Swartz) Wahlenberg;
F. viridulus
var.
pusillus
Wilson;
F. viridulus
var.
tamarindifolius
(Turner) Grout;
F. viridulus
var.
texanus
(Lesquereux & James) Grout
Plants
3-11 × 0.9-3.2 mm.
Stem
unbranched and branched; axillary hyaline nodules absent; central strand usually present.
Leaves
as many as 20 pairs, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-lingulate, acute to short-acuminate or obtuse-apiculate, to 0.8-2.7 × 0.2-0.5 mm; dorsal lamina narrowed proximally, ending at or before insertion, infrequently slightly decurrent; vaginant laminae
1
/2 leaf length, mostly equal; margin entire but often serrulate distally, limbate on all laminae, limbidium reaching apex or ending a few cells before or partially absent to infrequently completely absent, limbidial cells 1-3-stratose; costa excurrent to ending as many as 6 cells before apex, bryoides-type; laminal cells 1-stratose, distinct, smooth, often slightly bulging, firm-walled, irregularly hexagonal, a few elongate, 6.5-16 µm, somewhat larger in proximal parts of vaginant laminae.
Sexual condition
polyoicous; naked antheridia and archegonia often in axils of distal leaves.
Sporophytes
1-2 per perichaetium.
Seta
1.4-10 mm.
Capsule
theca exserted, erect, radially symmetric to ± inclined, bilaterally symmetic, 0.2-1.2 mm; peristome bryoides-type; operculum 0.5 mm.
Calyptra
cucullate smooth, to 0.5 mm.
Spores
10-20 µm.
Soil in moist, shaded sites, stones and rocks (both acidic and basic) in shaded areas, along streams, sometimes inundated, infrequently around bases of trees; Greenland; Alta., B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., N.H., N. J., N. Mex., N.Y., N.C., N. Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.D., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W. Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; Europe; Asia.
Fissidens bryoides
is a veritable kaleidoscope of intergrading expressions. At one extreme is
F. bryoides
in the strict sense, with plants gonioautoicous and the limbidium, 1-3 cells thick, confluent at the leaf apex with the percurrent to short-excurrent costa. At the other extreme is the expression that has been singled out as
F. exiguus,
with plants rhizautoicous and the 1-stratose limbidium usually restricted to the vaginant laminae of perichaetial leaves. In rare cases the limbidium can be absent from all leaves. All expressions, however, have clear, distinct, 1-stratose, irregularly hexagonal laminal cells, 6.5-16 µm, that in transverse section are no deeper than wide, and that have smooth walls that can be slightly bulging. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) illustrated the major expressions found in the flora area. Axillary, multicellular gemmae have been reported in Indian specimens.
