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Gempylus serpens Cuvier, 1829
SNAKE MACKEREL
Common snake-mackerel

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Gempylidae   Gempylus

Gempylus serpens
www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0
Gempylus serpens

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Gempylus serpens
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Gempylus serpens
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Overview
Main identification features
  • very elongate, very compressed
  • 1st dorsal fin : low, long base; 2nd dorsal fin and anal fin has 5-7 rays finlets behind
  • 2 lateral linealong back
Very elongate and slender; snout conical, pointed; eye large; mouth long; lower jaw pointed, projecting; teeth large, conical, spaced apart, top jaw with fangs at front; 1st dorsal long and low, XXVIII-XXXII spines; 2nd dorsal I, 14, followed by 5-7 finlets; anal I-II, 10-12, with 6-7 finlets; pectoral a little longer than snout; pelvics tiny, under pectoral; tail forked; 2 lateral lines, on body, 1 along midside, other along under 1st dorsal fin.

Uniformly dark brown to blackish, with silvery reflections, fins greybrown with darker margins.

Size: 125 cm.

Habitat: oceanic, surface to midwater.

Depth: 0-1000 m.

Circumtropical; throughout our region.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 1000 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-12; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-76; Latitudinal range=45; Longitudinal range=42.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bathypelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 125 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Briggs, J.C., 1960., Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution., Copeia, 1960:171-180.
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
  • Cuvier, G., 1829., Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2., Règne Animal (ed. 2), 2:1-532.
  • Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
  • Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
  • Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Nakamura , I. and Parin, N.V., 1993., Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfish, sackfishes, domine, oilfish ...FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 15., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125,.
  • Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
  • Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Gempylus serpens, Snake mackerel : fisheries, bait
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Gempylus serpens Cuvier , 1829

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Pictures | Google image Image of Gempylus serpens (Snake mackerel) Gempylus serpens
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Gempylus: Greek, gempylos = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335 ) .
More on author: Cuvier .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 0 - 600 m (Ref. 13628 ), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 89423 ). Deep-water; 42°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181 )

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. Adults also often caught in temperate waters. Specimen caught on the Atlantic side of South Africa (33°08'S 16°47'E at 700 m) (Ref. 6193 ) probably strayed from the Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ? , range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6181 ); common length : 60.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6181 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 27 - 33; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-14; Anal spines : 3; Anal soft rays : 10 - 12; Vertebrae : 48 - 55. Body is elongated and strongly compressed. The mouth is large with fang-like teeth. There are two lateral lines, both originating below the first spine of the dorsal fin. The upper lateral line follows the dorsal contour of the body to the end of the first dorsal fin base. The lower descends gradually posterior to about the tip of the pectoral fin and runs mid-laterally. Body color is uniformly dark brown; all fins dark brown with somewhat darker margins.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Strictly oceanic and usually solitary (Ref. 6181 ). Adults migrate to the surface at night while larvae and juveniles are found near the surface during the day (Ref. 6181 ). Feed on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 9302 ). Males mature at 43 cm SL, females at 50 cm (Ref. 36731 ). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6766 ). Sold frozen, as sausages or fish cake (Ref. 9302 ). Not eaten raw, but cooked in any way, also dried (Ref. 7364 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Parin, Nikolay V. | Collaborators

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin , 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 23 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: occasionally FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 18.1 - 29, mean 27 °C (based on 7334 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00163 - 0.00807), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.4   ±0.70 se; based on food items. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=300,000). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Unknown . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 17.3 [7.9, 36.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.205, 0.947] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.256 [0.139, 0.482] g/100g; Selenium = 17.5 [7.1, 40.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [2.8, 64.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.302 [0.208, 0.442] mg/100g (wet weight);

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