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Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860)
OPALEYE
California opaleye

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Kyphosidae   Girella

Girella nigricans
© Copyright Kathy deWet_Oleson, 2006 · -3
Girella nigricans

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Overview
Main identification features
  • blue-green eye
  • back: 1-2 pale spots
  • dorsal and anal finsblunt
  • incisors 3 pointed

Body an elongate, compressed oval; head small, bluntly pointed; mouth small, at front; teeth fine, movable, with flattened 3-point tips, none at front of roof of mouth; 16-21 rakers on 1st gill arch; dorsal XII-XIV, 12-15, end of soft part rounded; tail straight to very slightly forked; anal III,10-13; pelvic inserted behind pectoral base; pectoral short, not reaching to pelvic tip; all fins blunt to rounded; 50 scales on lateral line.

Olive-green to grey-green; usually 2 pale spots on upper back below middle of dorsal fin (absent in large adults); often white bar across snout between eyes; eye bright blue-green; juvenile blue above, silvery below.

Size: 66 cm.

Habitat: demersal on rocky shores.

Depth: 1-32 m.

California to the southern Baja, an isolated population in the central and northern Gulf of California.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 32 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: benthic microalgae; benthic macroalgae; sessile worms; sessile crustacea; sessile molluscs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=36; Southern limit=25; Western limit=-121; Eastern limit=-111; Latitudinal range=11; Longitudinal range=10.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Omnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Macroalgae; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 66 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; California province, primarily; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Ayres, W. O., 1860., Description of fishes., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1), 2:81-86.
  • Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
  • Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1880., Notes on a collection of fishes from San Diego, California., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3:23-34.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
  • Jordan , and McGregor,., 1898., List of fishes collected at the Revillagigedo archipelago and neighboring islands., Rept. U.S. Fisheries Comm., 24:271-284.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
  • Pondella II, D.J., Gintert, B.E., Cobb, J.R., Allen, L.G., 2005., Biogeography of the nearshore rocky-reef fishes at the southern and Baja California islands., Journal of Biogeography, 32:187-201.
  • Terry , A. , Bucciarelli , G. and Bernardi, G., 2000., Restricted gen flow and incipient speciation in disjunt pacific ocean and Sea of Cortez populations of a reef fish species, Girella nigricans., Evolution, 54:652-659.
  • Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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