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Grammatorcynus bilineatus, Double-lined mackerel : fisheries, gamefish
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Grammatorcynus bilineatus
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First, D.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes
(Mackerels) >
Scombridae
(Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology:
Grammatorcynus:
Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, rhyngchos = snout
.
More on author:
Rüppell
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 15 - 50 m (Ref.
86942
). Subtropical; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 175°W (Ref.
168
)
Indian Ocean: Red Sea eastward to the Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the northern coasts of Australia, including the Marshall Islands and Fiji. Often confused in the literature with
Grammatorcynus bicarinatus
.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
41.5
, range 40 - 43 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9684
); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5450
); max. published weight: 3.5 kg (Ref.
168
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11 - 13;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 10-14;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 10 - 14. Mouth relatively small, upper jaw reaching about to middle of eye. Pectoral fins stout. Interpelvic process short and single. No prominent anterior corselet present. Swim bladder present. Vertebrae 14 precaudal plus 17 caudal, total 31 as in mackerel (
Scomber
and
Rastrelliger
).
Inhabits open water but often seen swimming near outer reef walls or deep clear-water slopes (Ref.
48637
). Found mostly in shallow reef waters where it forms large schools. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes, particularly clupeoids (
Sardinella
,
Thrissocles
), and other fishes such as
Sphyraena
and
Balistes
. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref.
9684
). Its flesh is mild and pleasantly flavored, but brushed with lemon juice prior to cooking to remove the ammonia-like smell (Ref.
9684
).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen
, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref.
168
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
01 March 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00464 - 0.01966), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 15 [8, 33] mg/100g; Iron = 0.698 [0.368, 1.368] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.117, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 18.2 [9.1, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [16.1, 154.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.491 [0.327, 0.753] mg/100g (wet weight);
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