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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- dark brown, + dense small yellow spots
- inside mouth white
Dorsal and anal fins covered with skin, but very evident, with origins at or (in dorsal) before anus; front nostril a simple tube; posterior nostril a hole at level of profile of head; lower jaw straight, mouth closes completely; teeth sharp, teeth on front of roof of mouth in a single row; upper jaw teeth in 1-2 rows, outer row canine-like,3 rows of long canines at front between top jaws, canines also at front of bottom jaw; depth 6.7-10% of length; head length 12-14% of total length; tail 40-55% of total length.
Body and fins brown to yellowish-brown with numerous small, dark-bordered white spots, dense on head, becoming sparser at rear; tip of tail white; gill opening in black blotch; inside of mouth white.
Size: 120 cm.
Habitat: rocky and coral reefs.
Depth: 1-45 m.
Indo-Pacific; vagrant at the Galapagos and Cocos.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 45 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=6; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-87; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=6.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 120 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
- Shaw , G. and Nodder, F. P., 1813., The Naturalist's Miscellany, or coloured figures of natural objects; drawn and described from nature. London., Naturalist's Misc., :unnumbered pages.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=meleagris ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=meleagris http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=meleagris ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=meleagris https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=meleagris ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Gymnothorax-meleagris.html
Gymnothorax meleagris, Turkey moray : fisheries, aquarium
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Gymnothorax meleagris
Picture by
Randall, J.E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Anguilliformes
(Eels and morays) >
Muraenidae
(Moray eels) > Muraeninae
Etymology:
Gymnothorax:
Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, thorax, -akos = breast (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Shaw
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 51 m (Ref.
58302
). Tropical; 38°N - 36°S, 18°E - 129°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa (Ref.
33390
) to Marquesas and Mangaréva, north to the Ryukyu and Hawaiian islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Southeast Atlantic: South Africa.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
1602
); common length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30573
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 0;
Vertebrae
: 127 - 132. Mouth white inside, contrasting the outer dark skin with small white spots (Ref.
30404
,
48635
).
Occurs in coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs from depths of 1 m to at least 36 m. Prefers very shallow depth and juveniles often in intertidal zones (Ref.
30404
). Benthic (Ref.
58302
). Often seen hunting during low tide among partly exposed reefs (Ref.
48635
). Feeds mainly on fishes, also on crustaceans, by day and probably also at night (Ref.
13550
). Caught with various nets (Ref.
30573
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Chen, H.-M., K.-T. Shao and C.T. Chen
, 1994. A review of the muraenid eels (Family Muraenidae) from Taiwan with descriptions of twelve new records. Zool. Stud. 33(1):44-64. (Ref.
6934
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
17 August 2011
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref.
4690
)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1172 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00059 (0.00038 - 0.00091), b=3.32 (3.19 - 3.45), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 24.3 [13.2, 39.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.458 [0.266, 0.796] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.6, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.105 [0.046, 0.287] g/100g; Selenium = 44.3 [23.5, 86.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 78 [22, 276] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.944 [0.660, 1.331] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-19 12:18:45 gmt
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