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Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda through the Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Most abundant member of the genus
Haemulon
along the eastern coast of Florida (Ref.
26938
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
14.0
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
11824
); common length : 18.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5217
); max. published weight: 85.60 g (Ref.
118626
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 13;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 15;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 9. Silvery white with a mid-lateral yellow stripe running from eye to a large round black spot at base of caudal fin; a second narrower yellow stripe on back above lateral line (Ref.
13442
).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Inhabits seagrass beds, sand flats, and patch reefs (Ref.
9710
). Forms schools (Ref.
5521
). Feeds on small crustaceans, mollusks, other benthic invertebrates, plankton, and algae (Ref.
3798
). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref.
3798
).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray
, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref.
7251
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 912 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01247 - 0.01755), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.18-0.35; tmax=9; Fec=29,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 29.1 [9.4, 83.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.535 [0.250, 1.070] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.3, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.229 [0.108, 0.441] g/100g; Selenium = 10.6 [4.7, 23.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.8 [28.4, 309.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.773 [0.465, 1.274] mg/100g (wet weight);
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